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Does the gap between rich and poor countries widened?


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             Beyond this debate, an essential problem remains, which is the repartition of the advantages and the loss due to the globalisation. We don't live in a homogeneous world. There are, at least, five different levels of development: industrialized countries, the economies in transition, the developed advanced countries, the less advanced countries, and the marginalized countries, for example those which suffer conflicts or civil wars. In each country, even the population is divided in different economic and social layers. Some facts are true: 76% of the world population lives in poor countries and in the U.S there are the same amount of inequalities as there were at the end of the 1920s. The income gap between the rich and the poor is astonishing. Twenty percent of the world's population living in the richest countries have 74 times the income of the poorest. This gap is huge, it is relatively new and, what's even more amazing, it that it is still widening. In 1960, the average income of the richest 20 per cent of the world's population was 30 times higher than that of the poorest 20%. Yet the average world income per capita and per year is roughly five thousand euros. Generally, globalisation is male: the position of women is getting worse, 67.2% of the world's work is done by women, while only 9.4% of the income earned from work is in women's hands. If the world income were spread a little bit more evenly, everyone would have enough to live on. But even if that is true, when the incomes of the very poor first start growing at a faster rate than rich countries' incomes, the absolute (dollar) increases in incomes of the poor will still be smaller for many years than the absolute increases for the rich, even though the relative gap is closing. For example, we can see in England and in America as well, that the differences in income between upper and lower social layers are larger than they have ever been since collection of income distribution statistics began at the end of the nineteenth century.


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