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Does the gap between rich and poor countries widened?


"" Many critics have characterized globalisation as a race to the bottom in which the free play of market forces drives wages and labour standards in the poorest countries even lower as the latter attempt to attract foreign investment. Based on this line of reasoning, it is tempting to conclude "as many northern activists, who are against globalisation, have done "that trade should be restricted. Some critics even question the benefits for the poor of policies aimed at stimulating economic growth. However, according to a recent World Bank paper there is ".no evidence whatsoever of a systematic relationship between changes in trade and changes in inequality." .
             Yet, even with that caution, we can argue today that economic globalisation is no friend of inequality and absolute or relative poverty. The notion that trade and economic growth aggravate poverty is unfounded, "conversely, restrictive trade policies tend to dampen productivity and growth and worsen conditions for the poor."" However experience has confirmed that trade generally benefits the poor, by forcing economies to become more efficient and boosting growth, which is essential to raise living standards. In the current wave of globalisation (1980), the World Bank has identified a group of 24 developing countries, home to some 3 billion people, as 'recent globalisers'. These countries (China, India, Bangladesh, Brazil, Malaysia) are defined by having strongly improved their trade performance. Inequality has risen in some developing countries that have intensified their international economic links, but it has also gone down in others (such as the Philippines). In yet others, such as Vietnam, it has not changed, even if there were enormous economic transformation. These examples show how economic reforms and outward-looking trade policies can rapidly lift hundreds of millions out of poverty and many people or countries that jumped into global economy became richer.


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