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The Electric Vehicle



             uming vast quantities of petroleum (Sperling 1995). Now is the time for the solution, the electric car. .
             Development of the Technology .
             California single handedly pushed the automotive industry into developing the electric vehicle to its fullest capacity by instituting, in 1990, the zero-emission vehicle mandate, or ZEV. It requires that a specified manufacturer's sales consist of ZEV's. The ZEV mandate may be the single most important event in the history of transportation since Henry Ford began mass-producing cars eighty years ago (Sperling 1995). The mandate is set to take effect in 1998 in California and as many as five other states have considered adopting the ZEV mandate for themselves, with New York already mandating the policy. Several auto makers have filed suit against the ZEV mandate, but the latest rulings have gone against the auto makers. .
             In 1989, Los Angeles City Council member Marvin Braude issued a worldwide bid for 10,000 electric vehicles to be delivered to southern California in the mid-1990's (Sperling 1995). The bid was met with major skepticism from major automotive companies about the market for the electric vehicles, and the bid was granted to Clean Air Transport, an Anglo-Swedish company with a small number of employees. The company spent millions to build a hybrid electric-gasoline car but could not get any funding to begin manufacturing. As a result, the company simply disappeared in the early nineties, but it did not matter because by this time the major auto makers had taken interest. .
             Elsewhere in the world, many other countries were also experimenting with electric vehicles. British manufacturers never stopped producing these vehicles and had turned out several thousand electric milk delivery trucks a year. By 1990 it was estimated that 33,000 of these were on England's roads. In Japan, major auto makers had indulged themselves in the development of the electric vehicle during the 1970's, but backed off their efforts in the 1980's only after they had built a small number of small electric vehicles.


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