On June 6, 1328, Ockham was officially excommunicated for leaving Avignon without permission. Around 1329, Louis returned to Munich, together with Michael, Ockham and the rest of their fugitive band. Ockham stayed there, or at any rate in areas under Imperial control, until his death. During this time, Ockham wrote exclusively on political matters. He died on April 9/10, 1347, at roughly the age of sixty, a victim of the Black Death.
Writings.
Ockham's writing was divided into two main categories: the academic writings and political writings. Then his academic writings are divided into two groups: theological writings and philosophy writings.
Academic Writings.
Among the subject matter of his academic writings, his writings about metaphysics were the very famous. He was able to provide new ideas about the subject and at the same time influence a lot of people with his views. Ockham was a nominalist and a famous advocate of it. On the other hand, it can be said that he was not a pure nominalist. Nominalism can be described as any of:.
A denial of metaphysical universals.
An emphasis on reducing one's ontology to a bare minimum, on paring down the supply of fundamental ontological categories .
A denial of "abstract- entities. .
Nominalism, when summed up, is the doctrine that there are no universal essences in reality and that abstract concepts are mere names. Ockham believes in the first two concepts of nominalist however, he somewhat disagree with nominalism's third concept, the denial of abstract entities. He believes in "abstractions- such as whiteness and humanity, although he did not believe they were universals. (On the contrary, there are as many distinct white nesses are there are white things.) He certainly believed in immaterial entities such as God and angels. He did not believe in mathematical ("quantitative-) entities of any kind. .
Metaphysical Universals.
There is common belief that the problem of universals is the philosophical problem of the Middle Ages.
One philosopher that had a theory on this issue is William Ockham. His theory is referred to as the Ockham razor. ... Ockham stated we should not include objective sound at all. ... Ockham is not disagreeing that sounds exist but that there are two types of sounds: subjective and dependent. ... George Berkeley was not so enticed by Ockham's theory. ...
Now, according to William Ockham, real science belongs only to the domain of terms or concepts, which stand for the real thing 'in rerum natura'. ... Although Ockham's doctrine is a prelude to the typically modern adage of the 'verum et factum convertuntur', the birthplace of modern science is Nicholas Cusanus' philosophy. Cusanus follows not only Ockham's views on epistemology and creation, but emphasises also the strength of the human intellect and the autonomy of human intellect and will. ... The mainstream of modern philosophies is in debt to the heri...
Descartes starts his Meditations off and thinks that he should doubt all of his senses, because he fears that they have been deceiving him ever since he has had them. He then proceeds to ponder on the true meanings of his own existence and if there was some higher power that led the world into its ...
Since the dawn of man, humans have striven to explain the many mysteries of the universe, and to justify our existence in it. Throughout this journey of self-understanding, numerous standpoints on human existence have evolved and merged into a complex, abstract manifestation called religion. Howev...
Introduction Perhaps it would be appropriate to ask oneself on how much do we know God. What is God for us? Who is God for us? What is the role of God to us? By answering these questions we may be able to distinguish God whether He is an ingredient or a condiment. ...
Religious Orders and Communities. Religious Orders and Communities, religious bodies, specifically of the Christian Church, whose members live under a distinctive rule, or discipline. The members of the greater number of Christian religious orders are ordained priests, although lay members are admitted as brothers and nuns to some; a number of orders are for women only. Augustinians Augustinians, religious orders of the Roman Catholic Church whose constitution is derived originally from the Rule of St Augustine of Hippo, broadly divided into the Augustinian (or Austin) Canons, and ...