On the contrary, Charles Darwin did not agree with this, he came up with his own definition which says "Language emerged from more primitive emotional communication abilities of animals" (Bever and Montalbetti, 2002). This means that animals are capable to communicate with one another just like humans as they need to convey information essential to survival of other animals around them. For humans, the main method of communication is often thought of as a spoken language but animals are physiologically incapable of speaking to each other. Through animal evolutionary process, it was found that there is many of non-verbal communication forms, which are not used by humans. Most animals use visual communication to convey information such as birds and honey bees. This paper will discuss the six unique properties of human language and how they are not present or present at extremely low levels in animal communication.
Reflexivity .
The term of reflexivity is an important property that refers to how a linguistic user applies language, write and also the awareness of the audience to language itself. Ädel mentioned in her book that "the notion reflexivity is treated hear as more or less synonymous with the metalinguistic functions; similarly, they derived terms self reflexive and meta-linguisting are used interchangeably in this book" (2006). This means that reflexivity and metalinguistic can be used interchangeably and they can be compared to each other. Therefore, we can define reflexivity as using language in, talking, writing and signaling as well as putting in use the tools of language in language itself. According to Sinclair in his book he refers to the term coined by Hockett, who included it in his details of explaining properties of human language to differentiate our unique communication ability compared to other species such as honey bees, ticks, and chimpanzees (2004).