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Comunications



             As the need arose improvements and modifications were made. Some of these were permanent outdoor wiring, commercial telephone service, a workable switchboard, and operators, first boys, then women. Later came the use of an alpha-numeric system for identification of customers instead of using their names.
             Stroger, from Missouri, invented the phone dial and installed an automatic exchange in the United States. It wasn't licensed though by the bell telephone system until 1924. At this time there were other telephone systems beside Bell Telephone. There were problems that arose because of there incompatibility. They could not be connected to each other. This was a problem for the customers who couldn't communicate with one another. All of the independent companies battled for providing services to customers. There were also problems with interference from other uses of electricity, particularly trolley cars and sheet lamps. Lightning also destroyed lines.
             Later on the use of power from battery systems was established in1888. The idea of the automatic dialing system was being patented so the "use of operators could be eliminated." (2).
             As the system improved, more people could connect and communicate almost instantaneously. "Amplifying sound waves with the use of repeaters was invented which allowed long distance service to the constructed between New York and .
             San Francisco in 1913." (3).
             In 1911 American Telephone and Telegraph took control of Western Union. By 1918, ten million telephones uses were being serviced by the Bell System. Many improvements for the good of the communication system continued through the years. Some of these improvements are multiple calls on a circuit, a single unit handset receiver, transatlantic service, electronic switching and mobile service, by 1946. Innovations continued with microwave transmission, all numeric calling, the first satellite in 1962, and the development of video phones in 1965.


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