.
- James I, who ruled from 1603 to 1625, and Charles I, who ruled from 1625 to 1649, both believed in divine right. This meant that they believe that they were chosen by God to rule England and answered only to no one else on earth, only God. They believed that anything they did would be right by God and ruled with an iron fist. .
- The Puritan faction was growing large in England and they believed in hard work, and often times became wealthy and powerful because of this. They began being chosen as representatives for the House of Commons and they pushed for a voice where their tax money was spent. In 1642, the Puritan Revolution began. It lasted for about 7 years. The "Roundheads" lead by Oliver Cromwell fought for more voice in government. The Cavaliers, which consisted of wealthy English nobles and aristocrats fought against the Puritans. As a result of the conflict, Charles I was beheaded and Oliver Cromwell ruled England for a short period of time. Many Puritans fled to America during the conflict to avoid persecution by the King and begin a government in which they could have a voice.
5. Adventurers:.
- Many of the more wealthy English citizens desired to come to American to explore.
The Thirteen Colonies.
I. Virginia.
- In 1606, James I the King of England grants permission to The London Company to start a colony in Virginia.
II. Plymouth .
- In 1606 a group of Separatists were being persecuted in England and fled to Holland seeking freedom of religion, however, in Holland they began to worry about their English heritage being affected by the Dutch. .
- In 1619 the Separatists approached the London Company who agreed to finance their voyage to the New World. .
- In 1620 The London Company furnished the Mayflower for the pilgrimage to the New World. The Separatists became known as the Pilgrims. They landed outside the jurisdiction of the charter, but they decided not to continue. A document called The Mayflower Compact was written aboard the ship.
