Ida Tarbell- teacher turned journalist, published books and revealed Rockefeller's ruthless/unjust business practices, Standard Oil Company. .
The Octopus- Frank Norris dramatized railroad's stranglehold on farmers in this novel. .
Poverty- Robert Hunter, settlement worker, shocked with this novel of 1904 by setting poverty line at $460 for family of five. Found ten million ppl living below this level. .
The Treason of the Senate (1906)- David Graham Phillips revealed alliance of politics and business.
The Jungle- Upton Sinclair reveals horrors of Chicago meatpacking industry.
Jane Addams- deeply disturbed by child labor in factories. "Children are put into industry very much as we put in raw material, and the product we look for is not better men/women, but manufactured goods." Insisted women should vote, but believed women should be municipal housekeepers.
Florence Kelley- leader against child labor. From upper-class Philly, became Socialist. Hot-tempered yet determined woman. When no attorney in Chiago would argue cases, she became a lawyer herself. Quickly recognized need for state laws in order to change things. Despite judicial opposition, National Consumers League ensures products produced in safe conditions. Edgar Gardner Murphy suggests forming National Child Labor Committee. He believed church should reform society as well as save souls, appalled by young working in textile mills. National Child Labor Committee drew up a model state child labor law, encouraged state/city campaigns. Although 2/3 states passed some type of law, many had loopholes. .
Muller v. Oregon: 1908- Court upheld Oregon 10-hour law because Goldmark's argument detailed danger and disease that factory women faced. Brandeis opposed laissez-faire concepts, argued that gov't had special interest in protecting health of citizens. Most states agreed and passed protection for women. .
Margaret Sanger- nurse who watched women suffer from too many births/illegal abortions, urged on birth control movement.
