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Structure and Bonding

Copper is chosen because it can be drawn into long thin wires very easily (it is ductile) and because it is a good conductor of electricity. Metals are also good conductors of heat. This is also due to the free moving electrons. Non-metallic solids conduct heat energy by hotter more strongly vibrating atoms, knocking against cooler less strongly vibrating atoms to pass the particle kinetic energy on. In metals, as well as this effect, the 'hot' high kinetic energy electrons move around freely to transfer the particle kinetic energy more efficiently to 'cooler' atoms. Metals have high melting and boiling points. Strong forces of attraction exist between particles. A large amount of thermal energy is required to overcome the strong electrical forces between the positive ions and the delocalised electrons. These forces operate throughout the lattice.
             Metals are lustrous or have a silvery surface but this may be easily tarnished by corrosive oxidation in air and water. The presence of free electrons causes most metals to reflect light. Metals are malleable and ductile. The distortion does not disrupt the metallic bonding. Aluminium is very strong and can be beaten into very thin sheets. It is therefore used in aircraft manufacture. .
             A metal alloy is a mixture of two or more metals. Adding another element disturbs the pattern in the lattice so that the layers will not slide past each other so easily. Alloys are usually less malleable and ductile than pure metals and they tend to have lower melting points. They do, however, have other properties which make them more useful than pure metals. Some alloys that we use everyday include steel (used for a wide range of things, including knives and forks, building materials and in cars and ships. The coins that we use are all made of copper alloys. .
             Heat treatment: By means of heating and cooling process the strength and hardness of the metal can be changed.


Essays Related to Structure and Bonding

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After seeing the new James Bond movie I was interested in knowing how the James Bond series of movies are second to none. James Bond was created in 1953 by Ian Fleming in the novel, "Casino Royale" and the first Bond movie came out in 1962 with "Dr. ... For these men, seeing the James Bond movies is very fulfilling. ... But the difference is that the Bond films are structured so that no matter who plays Bond the viewer accepts them. Through Bond's token phrases and playful attitude it is easy for a new Bond to slip in where the old one left off. ...

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2. Violence Lear

Bond speaking of "ends and means" is extremely contemporary. ... According to Bond, autocratic regimes are the best medium for violence. ... So Bond is not ready to sit down and accept. ... We have to keep in touch with the world and be aware of its structures, of being subjected to them. In the "Preface" to the book, Bond says that "our society has the structure of a pyramid of aggression and as the child is the weakest member it is at the bottom, Don"t most people believe they have a right, even a duty, to use crude force against children as part of their education?"...

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3. ionic bonding

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4. The Forces Maintaining Protein Structure

Primary structure is at the most basic level, with amino acids linked in a linear polypeptide chain, by peptide bonding, which is a type of covalent bond. ... The bond formed has double-bond character due to a resonance structure formed by the nitrogen atoms long pair of electrons. ... Secondary Structure and Hydrogen Bonding Secondary structure is where we find the first inner structures of the protein forming. ... The key intramolecular force of proteins is hydrogen bonding as it is responsible for the formation of the inner structures. ... As Disulphide bonding occurs exclusively between c...

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5. Lewis structures

The Lewis structure for each molecule was found and the VSEPR model was sketched. ... And CH2O was also a trigonal planar on the VSEPR model but the computer gave a slightly larger angle between the O-C-H bond which was probably a result of the double bond between the C and the O. For the NH3 and the SO3 they both contained 3 atom to atom bond and one atom lone pair bond. ... For the ICl5 the structure shape with the extra lone pair is a Octahedral but because of that lone pair the molecular structure was called a square bipyrimadal with angles less than the original....

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6. Hydrogen Bonding in Water

Although H-bonding is still only approximately one tenth of the strength of a covalent bond, it is the strongest of these forces by far. Water stands out even from the H-bonding compounds ( H2O, HF, NH3 ) because of its structure and ability to create two hydrogen bonds per molecule, as opposed to only one by HF and NH3. ... Water is the only compound that does this, due, once again, to its hydrogen bonding. When water freezes, it forms a relatively open lattice structure in which the free electrons from the oxygens line up with the hydrogens. This structure thus retains H-bonding, howev...

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7. Hydrogen Bonding as Essential for Life

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8. Adhesive Bonding

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9. Chemical Compounds and Bonding

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