Introduction 1.
Laying out a ridge beam and common rafter.
Illustrations .6.
A. Diagram of Roof Framing Terms.
B. Roofing Parts.
C. Uses of a framing and speed square.
D. Illustration of all seven-roof types.
IV. Conclusion 10.
V. Works Cited .11.
VI. Glossary 12.
1.
Introduction.
The indication of an experienced carpenter is the ability to lay out rafters and frame all types of roofs. On most job sites, the boss lays out the different rafters and the workers make duplicates of them. Those carpenters that want to be in supervisory positions must know how to frame various kinds of roofs. .
Along with the various roof types a carpenter must know there are also basic roofing terms that are needed to know in order to build the roof. They are: span, rafter, total run, unit run, ridge, line length, pitch, seat cut, plumb line, and level line. The span of a roof is the horizontal distance covered by the roof. This it the width of the building measure from the outer faces of the frame. A rafter is on the sloping members if a roof frame; it also supports the roof coverings. The total run of a rafter is the horizontal distance over which the rafter rises. This is one half of the span. Unit run is the diagonal of the square whose sides are equal to the unit run of the rafters. The unit run is the same for all the rafters that run at right angles to the plate. These rafters are called common rafters. One of the most important pieces of a roof is the ridge, which is the uppermost horizontal line of the roof. The line length of a rafter is the longest leg when a right triangle is formed. The base of the triangle is the total run and the other leg is the total rise. A seat cut, commonly called a bird's mouth, consists of a plumb and level cut, in order for the rafter to fit over the plate.(Willenbrock, 1998).
