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Rise, Fall And Explusion Of The Jesuits


The reductions had come close to the Mamelucos who were slave-raiding, mixed-race descendants of Portuguese and Dutch adventurers. The Mamelucos often preyed upon the Gurnai for slaves. The Sao Paulo area had become an asylum for freebooters and pirates. Moreover, it was out of the reach of the Portuguese colonial governor. Along with the Mamelucos, there were people called Paulistas which were Portuguese. The Paulistas also had a hatred for the Jesuit reductions near Sao Paulo. The Paulistas hated the Jesuits because they were anti-slavery. The Paulistas despised the Jesuits for their ant-slavery protests that on two instances they kicked the Jesuits out of Sao Paulo. The Paulistas and the Mamelucos had the same interest which was a hatred for the Jesuits and a yearning for slaves. These two groups formed into bands of hunters known as bandierantes. These bands wanted to take the immense wealth and labor which were abundant in the reductions. The Jesuits had little protection from the Paulistas and Mamelucos raids. Furthermore, the governor of Rio de la Plata province had little incentive to send scarce troops and supplies against an enemy who was nominally of the same nationality. In one such raid in 1629, about 3000 Paulistas destroyed the reductions in their path by burning churches, killing old people and infants , and carrying off to the coast entire populations as well as cattle. The first raids on the reductions netted them at least fifteen thousand captives. .
             Montoya was worried about a virtual holocaust and was also concerned about the Indians reverting to paganism. Montoya knew he had to take quick drastic action so he and about thirty thousand Indians retreated hundreds of kilometers south by canoe. He wanted to travel to any large concentration of Jesuits near the lower Paran. Soon, with the chaos caused by the banderiantes the Indians started to defy the Jesuits.


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