What do children of longtime donors, scholarship athletes, white students at predominantly black high schools, northern Michigan residents, men who want to be nurses and children of alumni have in common?.
Just like blacks, Hispanics and American Indians, they get an edge on the competition when they apply for admission to the University of Michigan. This edge is called Affirmative Action.
To understand Affirmative Action we must kn0w what, how, and.
why it even exists.
Affirmative action is the set of public policies and initiatives designed to help eliminate past and present discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, is under attack. .
• Originally, civil rights programs were enacted to help African Americans become full citizens of the United States. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution made slavery illegal; the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees equal protection under the law; the Fifteenth Amendment forbids racial discrimination in access to voting. The 1866 Civil Rights Act guarantees every citizen "the same right to make and enforce contracts . as is enjoyed by white citizens . " .
• In 1896, the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson upheld a "separate, but equal" doctrine that proved to be anything but equal for African Americans. The decision marked the end of the post-Civil War reconstruction era as Jim Crow laws spread across the South. .
• The 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. .
• The actual phrase "affirmative action" was first used in President Lyndon Johnson's 1965 Executive Order 11246, which requires federal contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." .
• In 1967, Johnson expanded the Executive Order to include affirmative action requirements to benefit women.
Affirmative action should be abolished. ... Affirmative action allows it and encourages it. ... There are several lawsuits against affirmative action and states are rallying to ban affirmative action. ... Affirmative action is a form of reverse discrimination. ... On a side note, a funny thing is, when the affirmative action law was passed, is it known that those very lawmakers exempted themselves? ...
Supply- Side Affirmative Action I am a white female that understands the meaning of this story. ... Affirmative action calls only for merit standards to be more inclusive. Affirmative action, properly implemented, widens the pool of qualified candidates who will be considered. ... I would pick a male boss over a female. ...
Affirmative action sounds like a pretty good system, doesn't it? ... In the past 10 years, affirmative action has come under fire in the courts. ... First of all, affirmative action IS discrimination, only in reverse. ... Even in principle, affirmative action is flawed. ... This feeling also works in the opposite way: psychologically, "a minority that benefits from Affirmative Action bears a mark of 'not being the best pick, but only the best pick from a limited group', even if the person was selected for being the best available on the complete job market" (de Wit). ...
From this concern, a program called affirmative action evolved. ... Since this was such a controversial subject, the program brought out two opposing sides that seemed to have reasonable explanations for both supporting and opposing the issue. ... This was the start of affirmative action for America. ... Although Johnson had the same principles of affirmative action, he did not mention the word "affirmative action" in his speech (Eastland, 40). ... Discrimination will not go away by forcing companies to put in a program that selectively picks applicants based upon their race or sex. ...
Affirmative Action should be abolished and removed from American society. First of all, Affirmative Action is discrimination and there is no hiding it. ... Affirmative action legalizes racial prejudice. ... Affirmative action is discriminatory and unfair towards the white male. ... The American society cannot afford to keep absorbing the injustices caused by the wrongful, one-sided propaganda known as affirmative action. ...
After the ship arrives in port and picks up the slaves, Calhoun has a change of attitude. ... On one side, there are the people that he relates to the most: the whites. ... The other side of the situation is that he has become acquaintances and almost friends with the Allmuseri aboard the ship. ... Falcon explains his take on a situation that strangely resembles the issue of affirmative action to Calhoun. ... Johnson appears to be trying to mock affirmative action, which is even more ironic seeing as how Johnson himself is a man of color. ...
A company's decision to utilize EEO and Affirmative Action is a wise investment in the future of the company. ... EEO and Affirmative Action Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) is the right of all persons to work and advance on the basis of merit, ability and potential. Affirmative action is essentially the opposite of negative discrimination. It is the action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination such as minorities and women. The main issues companies face regarding EEO and affirmative action are providing the time, energy and money that is required (Yousseff, 20...
The segregation shut down all activities or actions from whites and blacks. ... Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment, education and contracting decisions. In its modern form, affirmative action can call for an admission's officer faced with two similarly qualified applicants to choose the minority over the white, or for a manager to recruit and hire a qualified woman for a job instead of a man. Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor ...
The segregation shut down all activities or actions from whites and blacks. ... Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment, education and contracting decisions. In its modern form, affirmative action can call for an admission's officer faced with two similarly qualified applicants to choose the minority over the white, or for a manager to recruit and hire a qualified woman for a job instead of a man. Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor ...
