" and again in Exodus 31:14 "You must keep the day of rest, because it is sacred. Whoever does not keep it, but works on the day will be put to death." While the latter should not be taken literally, both signify that sinful people's souls will be cut off from God in the World to Come.
One of the fundamental beliefs of traditional Judaism is the belief in the eventual resurrection of the dead (first distinguished by the Pharisees). This belief is one of Rambam's 13 Principles of Faith and is also referred to in the second blessing of the Shemoneh Esrei prayer, which devout Jews recite three times a day. According to Jewish belief, the resurrection of the dead will occur in the Messianic age, or Olam Ha-Ba (the World to Come). This term is also used to refer to the spiritual afterlife when the righteous dead will be brought back to life and given the opportunity to experience the perfected world that their righteousness helped to create. The wicked dead cease to be resurrected.
The spiritual afterlife is called Olam Ha-Ba in Hebrew and means The World to Come (the messianic age is also referred to as Olam Ha-Ba and can become quite confusing). Jews prepare themselves for Olam Ha-Ba through their good deeds and their Torah study. They also believe that a righteous person will have a bigger share in Olam Ha-Ba than an average person while wicked people do not have a share at all. However Judaism is not a preparation for the afterlife and focuses more on life and how to live it. A fundamental view in Judaism is that everyone from all religions and nations has a share in Olam Ha-Ba based on merit and that all of humanity is capable of being righteous in God's eyes. Following from this, a place of spiritual reward for the very righteous is referred to as Gan Eden (the Garden of Eden, though not the same place as Adam and Eve). There are many different descriptions of this place however no living person can comprehend what Gan Eden will be like, much like the Christian Heaven.
