A whole range of nucleotides exist within a cell. A nucleotide molecule contains a phosphate group, a pentose sugar group and an organic base group.
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Pentose Sugars.
Nucleotides contain one of two alternative sugar components. They fall into two groups, those that contain a ribose (C5H10O5) sugar group and those that contain a deoxyribose (C5H10O4) sugar group. The base component of the nucleotide is connected to carbon 1 of the sugar and the phosphate group of the nucleotide is joined to carbon 5 of the sugar (shown in the diagram above). There is a small difference in the structure between a ribose molecule and a deoxyribose molecule; the deoxyribose has one less oxygen on carbon 2. This very small difference has far reaching consequences in the cell: ribonucleotides (nucleotides containing a ribose residue) form RNA and deoxyribonucleotides (nucleotides containing a deoxyribose residue) form DNA.
The structure of pentose sugars in both the linear and ring forms.
Inorganic Phosphate.
Nucleotides contain one, two or three phosphate groups. Phosphate is an inorganic ion carrying three negative charges. One, two or three phosphates can be joined to the sugar molecule through the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 shown in the diagram on page 1. The mono phosphate form of the nucleotide has two negative charges, the diphosphate has three and the triphosphate form has four. It is the mono phosphate form found in nucleic acids.
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Organic Bases.
Nucleotides contain one of five alternative base components. The five organic bases found in nucleotides are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil, which are usually abbreviated to A, G, C, T and U.
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Adenine and guanine are purines, which means that they have a double ring structure, while cytosine, thymine and uracil are pyrimadines, which means that they have a single ring structure. The base is connected to carbon 1 of the sugar shown in the diagram on page one.
Some viruses do not have DNA, but contain RNA instead. ... (Heath, 110) DNA can also be found outside of chromosomes. ... DNA contains four nitrogenous bases. ... The new DNA strand stays attached to the old one through the hydrogen bonds, and together they form a new DNA double helix molecule. ... RNA molecules are like DNA. ...
DNA is a big step for science. Yet many people don't know the purpose of DNA and what it really can do, but DNA is actually a big thing. ... DNA also contains much more personal information than a fingerprint. ... They could also destroy years of investigation by destroying the DNA-files. ... A DNA profile is a string of numbers stored on a computer. ...
The DNA molecule, itself, is safely kept inside the cells nucleus. ... When the cell multiplies into other cells, the DNA has to be "photocopied." ... The two main scientists who discovered the double helix of DNA are James Watso and Francis Crick. ... He was a biochemist and Nobel Prize winner, who helped determine the structure of DNA today. ... In 1953 he and James Watson discovered the secret to life, the double helix of DNA. ...
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DNA I am going to write about if Law Enforcement should team up with doctors to try and make society a safer and better place. ... Look at the potential DNA has to offer in solving a crime it is unbelievable. ... There is nothing wrong with taking DNA from a criminal and keeping it on record, even if it's from just a violent offender. ... Next I would like to put my emphasis on how good of an idea it is to take DNA from a newborn, unlike Mary Faith. What's wrong with taking DNA from a newborn and keeping a database, maybe and hopefully, it could deter and slow down crime in the Uni...
DNA Testing DNA technology has provided law enforcement officers and investigators with a way to solve many crimes that would have previously been unsolvable. DNA technology has improved the way we solve crimes. ... DNA is similar to fingerprint analysis because every person's DNA is different. When DNA is found at a crime scene it is compared to DNA that is already on file to determine if it is a match, much like if it were a fingerprint. ... Without DNA testing hundreds of criminals would be free. ...
However there are many disadvantages to DNA testing, such as a challenge of accuracy, the costs of DNA testing and the possible misuse of DNA. ... However many people disagree to the use of DNA results. Many question the accuracy of DNA evidence, as only DNA segments are used in databases in contrast to the entire DNA strand. ... DNA testing is also very expensive, and the accused might not be able to afford a DNA expert to defend him or herself in court if DNA evidence is used against them, and if DNA experts are hired for them, there is a possibility of bias. ... Victoria has had a DNA datab...
DNA Fingerprinting: Guilty or Innocent? ... DNA tests also work with sites in DNA that have different lengths because of their variable numbers of repeated units (VNTRs) (Housman 543). ... This procedure, called "amplification," which uses DNA polymerase to create exact copies of fragment of DNA in a test tube at very high rates, reaches a result in several hours ("DNA Identification" 4). ... Technology's first legal test on DNA took place in 1987. ... "DNA tests can absolutely eliminate someone," says L.A. public defender Walter Krustjla, who is a DNA chemist as well as a lawyer ...
The Drawback of DNA Evidence Outline I. Introduction a. Definition of Evidence b. Three Ways to Solve a Crime c. Thesis II. A Mistaken DNA Identification? What Does It Mean? a. The Odds of Having Similar DNA b. Outcome of the Case III. Other Point of Views from Experts a. Views fro...
Cole Cuchna Per 3 Molecule of the Month: DNA The "thread of life", is deoxyribonucleic acid, otherwise known as DNA. ... DNA can be manipulated to change all kinds of things. ... DNA is damaged by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. The DNA does have the ability to repair it self, however. DNA can also be used to match suspects in a crime. ...
