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Bacterial Resistance

            Bacterial resistance is a problem that has profoundly impacted the medical community. Bacterial resistance results when bacteria become resistant to individual antibiotics through the development of specific defense mechanisms which render the antibiotic ineffective. This problem has become evident in recent years as numerous cases have been reported in which antibiotics are not effective against the bacteria that they have fought off for years. The recent troubles with bacterial resistance have caused panic throughout the United States. The pharmaceutical industry hasn't been producing many antibiotics because they thought that the antibiotics they had created had solved many of the problems resulting from bacterial infections. An increasing amount of attention has been given to antibiotic resistance with each passing year and experts are optimistic for the future; however, the threat of bacterial resistance exists today and is a major cause for concern. .
             The discovery of penicillin the 1940s proved to be the dawn of the antibiotic era. In less than two decades, major advancements had been made in the development of antibiotics. There were so many different antibiotics developed that doctors and scientists focused their attention on other problems plaguing the nation. Doctors prescribed antibiotics frequently, often when they were not even needed. According to a 1998 report by the Institute of Medicine, up to fifty percent of antibiotics are prescribed unnecessarily. This blatant overuse of antibiotics had a profound effect on the efficiency of the drugs in the future. The wonder drugs that had been so effective in treating an array of diseases had started to lose the battle against increasingly resistant bacteria, often referred to as superbugs. .
             The problem of bacterial resistance is rooted in the overuse of many antibiotics. Doctors used antibiotics to treat countless diseases and some bacteria became resistant to the drugs after time.


Essays Related to Bacterial Resistance

1. Antibiotic Resistance:

Antibiotics kill bacteria in a variety of different ways, from inhibiting cell wall synthesis to inhibiting specific bacterial metabolic pathways. ... Gentamicin) inhibit certain steps in bacterial protein synthesis. ... Ofloxacin) prevent bacterial growth by hindering the activities of bacterial DNA Gyrase and Topisomerase. Sulphonamides slow bacterial growth by inhibiting specific bacterial metabolic pathways. ... These plasmids travel freely from one bacterial species to another and spread resistance. ...

  • Word Count: 1289
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

2. Bacterial Diveristy

Abstract: In my introduction, I will discuss a bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance. ... Introduction: Bacterial diversity and the evolution of antibiotic resistance is an amazing topic in the field of biology. ... Upon allowing the bacteria to grow, we then observed and measured the "circle" of bacterial resistance and counted and observed the colonies. ... The older the milk, the more bacterial colonies we observed. ... Coli We tested the bacterial resistance of E. coli to the antibiotic, ampicillin. ...

  • Word Count: 1681
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

3. The Epidemic of Antibiotic Resistance

Many people are unaware of the sustainable nature of bacterial microorganisms. ... Karl Klose, "there are more bacterial cells within the body than there are human cells as well as bacterial genes to human genes.... The ability for bacterium to share genes is a large contributor to the resistance of antibiotics. The article "Emergence and Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance: A Global Problem," by R. ... " Campylobacter holds significance as well as its bacterial group maintains a resistance to "fluoroquinolones, a class of drugs that is important for treating seve...

  • Word Count: 2320
  • Approx Pages: 9
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Ampicillin Resistance

Plasmid is a small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of bacterial chromosome. Ampicillin is an antibiotic that is derived from penicillin that prevents bacterial growth by interfering with cell wall synthesis. ... One-way is bacterial transformation, it is when transfer of genetic information into a cell by the direct uptake of the DNA. ... Conjugation is performed between to bacterial cells of different mating types and genetic information is exchanged between the two through pili. ... There were bacteria growth on two of the agar plates out of the three agar pl...

  • Word Count: 1537
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: High School

5. The Effect of Acids and Bases on Bacterial Growth

Most bacterial specimen survive in neutral pH values[6.7-7] Other bacteria can survive in very acidic and very basic environments. ... The zone of inhibition was measured to see the bacteria's resistance to the base or acid. Materials and Methods Organisms Bacterial organisms used in the experiment are soil bacteria. ... The Kirby Bauer method is usually used to measure the resistance of bacteria to acid, bases, and/or medicine. ... The protocol said that you must add 5 mL of the bacterial specimen to the agar plates. ...

  • Word Count: 1221
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

6. The Challenge Of Antibiotic Resistance

They are beneficial in the treatment of many bacterial infections. ... Bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics by: 1. ... There is currently a dramatic increase of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. ... It is believed that antibacterial agents give bacteria a, "double resistance,"" to both antibacterial agents and antibiotics. ...

  • Word Count: 558
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. Antibiotic Sensitivity

For one bacterium there could be different variations, and resistance can build when a specific antibiotics are not used. ... In order to determine if an antibiotic will be effective in treating the bacterial infection, the zone of inhibition must be measured and compared to a standard. ... The capacity of Neisseria gonorrhea to develop resistance to antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of gonorrhea is well known. All isolates of Neisseria gonorrhea are examined for susceptibility to penicillin (representing this group of antibiotics), ceftriaxone (representing later generation cephal...

  • Word Count: 423
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Drug Resistant Bacterias

Decreased permeability, alteration of target site, enzyme inactivation, and active transport of the drug are the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance (Diekema). ... Overuse or misuse of antibiotics can result in selection for more resistance strains. Antibiotics are often inappropriately prescribed for non-bacterial infections, such as the flu and common cold, which increases the opportunities for bacterial resistance. ... Another common medical misuse of antibiotics is by the patient who shortens the course of treatment when his/her symptoms subside, or skips days of the antibiotic regime, alt...

  • Word Count: 1384
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

9. Necrotizing Fasciitis

Antibiotic Resistance: Necrotizing Fasciitis has strong antibiotic resistances. Most AB's taken are a coctail of strong bacterial killers, hoping that one of them will slow down the decaying process. ... This leads to the overproduction of T-cells in the area of bacterial growth 6. ...

  • Word Count: 718
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

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