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Abortion


But again, this need not be considered too much, since it is not a dominant consideration.
             As is the case with many issues in a utilitarian system, the rightness or wrongness of an act in question is based on how it effects the community at large. This means that the issue of abortion actually becomes one of desirability of increasing or decreasing the population. Given that there must be some population size that can be regarded as the "perfect" size, it is clear that Utility will ban new births above a certain amount, while below a certain population size, Utility will prescribe reproduction. The utilitarian, who suggests that the future happiness of the child, combined with the estimated value of the effects on others, is such that Utility opposes abortion, must admit that this would imply that Utility prescribes an increase in population. Utility is against abortion only when a population increase is required. .
             In terms of utility, the actual act of abortion is not a particularly significant one. A brief mention must be made of why it is that the relative effects on the community at large are dominant in this issue, and why the other considerations are not. It must be remembered that the raising of a child in a modern developed country has a very large cost in financial terms, which is highly significant. It is well known that the amount required to raise one child in a developed country could probably raise many more in a poorer part of the world. So if increasing the human population is the aim, this can be achieved more effectively elsewhere. However in these days of increasing environmental pressure and terrible inequality, increasing the human population is not what we should be aiming for. .
             At some point, one could ask him/herself "If everybody became a utilitarian, would the human race become extinct?" The answer would be in this case no, because, if everybody were utilitarian, these problems would not exist to the same degree.


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