It is bordered by the Persian Gulf and the countries Iran, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and Kuwait. Other cities in the country are Basrah, Mosul, Karkuk, As Sulaymaniyah, Irbil. Its area is 433,970 square miles. Iraq became an independent kingdom in 1932 and was claimed a republic in 1958. A string of military leaders have ruled the country since then, the latest being Saddam Husayn. However, he was ousted in March 2003 by the United States and other countries. The country is now ruled by coalition forces attempting to form a freely elected government.
The country is broken up into four regions, the desert in the west and southwest, the rolling upland between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, the highlands in the north and southeast, and the alluvial plain through which the Tigris and Euphrates flow. The desert region is part of the Syrian Desert. .
Iraq is a very hot, dry country, covered mostly by dessert. About ninety percent of the rainfall occurs between November and April. Mountain regions along the Iranian and Turkish borders however experience harsh winters with a good amount of snowfall. In spring, the melting of the snow will cause occasional flooding in some of the region. Sand and dust storms are also environmental hazards. Two types of winds mark the summer months. The sharqi is a dry, dusty wind with occasional gusts that can reach as high as eighty kilometers per hour. The second type is the shamal. It is less severe but brings a lot of extra heat to the land.
The population of Iraq is 24,683,313, a 2.78 percent increase from the previous year. The average age is nineteen for both males and females. Seventy-five percent of the people in the country are Arab. The rest of the population is mainly made up of Kurds and Turks. The population is unevenly distributed in the cities, which are mainly located on the rivers in the country.
The Baath party has been in power since 1968.