Plum Pox Virus (PPV) has not been in the United States until its introduction to peach trees in Adams County, Pennsylvania, 1999. The origin in which the disease has come from is unknown to the Pennsylvania orchard, but it was been in other countries such as France, Egypt, and Chile. The very first plum pox was found in Bulgaria in 1915 and has spread to the other countries aforementioned (Plum Pox). There are many different strands of PPV that are capable of infecting plums, peaches, apricots, nectarines, sweet and sour cherries and almonds. Healthy plants of more than twenty different ahid plants are at risk, due to the spread of the virus through budwood and grafting (Plum Pox Virus). .
PPV Strains.
There are four different types of strains: PPV-D; PPV-C; PPV-EA; and PPV-M. PPV-D (Dideron) is the most common strain of the virus and was originally isolated from apricots in southeast France (Levy). This strain is not known to be seed-transmitted and is the non-epidemic form of the virus. PPV-M (Marcus) is more aggressive in peaches and the aphids are more effective in spreading the virus in an orchard than the PPV-D strain (Plum Pox). PPV-M was originally found in peaches in northern Greece, is the most common in south, east and central Europe and the most severe strain of PPV (Levy). .
PPV-EA is originally found in apricots from Egypt. PPV-C is found in sweet and sour cherries in Moldova (Plum Pox). PPV-EA so far is only reported in North Africa and show similarities to PPV-M. Both strains PPV-M and PPV-D are present in apricot, peach and plum. The spread of PPV-C through aphids is very efficient and is currently found in eastern and central Europe and Italy (Levy). PPV-C infects trees naturally and through experimentation, has been able to infect other types of prunus hosts. .
Spread of PPV.
The spread of PPV is through aphids, the movement of infected nursery stock, through grafting and budwood (Plum Pox Virus).
What do you think of when you here the term chicken pox? ... Causes Chicken pox is caused by the varicalla-zoster virus (VZV). Chicken pox is very contagious, approximately four million cases occur each year. ... Chicken pox is also deadly, every year there are hundreds of deaths from chicken pox. ... Almost ninety percent of all American's are destine to catch chicken pox. ...
If the vaccine is given and a person still gets chicken pox, it will be much less severe. Chicken pox is transmitted through the air. When a patient with chicken pox coughs or sneezes, they expel tiny droplets that carry the chicken pox virus. If a person who has never had chicken pox inhales these particles, the virus enters the lungs and is carried through the blood to the skin where it causes the typical rash of chicken pox. ... If you get chicken pox, several things can be done to help relieve the symptoms. ...
Well I have and I think it is a mix between small pox and the bubonic Plague. ... There are 3 types of small pox, the true virulent form and the mild form alas tram, and a cattle form called cattle pox. Small pox also got the name Great pox. ... Small pox was believed to be originated form Europe. ... And I believe that they both were really bad but the Black Death has taken many more lives than small pox....
One, it is very easy for anyone to obtain samples of harmful agents, such as anthrax or small pox. ... Deadlier samples of such viruses, as small pox, and even Ebola, may be just at the fingertips of major terrorist groups. ... The agent's anthrax, plague, brucellosis, small pox, viral encephalitis, and viral hemorrhagic fevers are of particular concern. ... A chemical release or a major explosion is a lot more manageable than a biological attack posed by Anthrax, or small pox. ... With the use of small pox or Anthrax, day after day, additional cases could be expected, and in new areas. ...
The Women of Plums captures the voices of several slave women, their stories their ideas and their feelings. ... Books like The Women of Plums will rarely be seen in an American History class, but those of us who have read it must pass it on and realize the importance of preserving the memory of women in slavery. ...
From a sociological view-point the two movements can be seen as follows: the modern' movement taking into account the changes brought about by the Industrial Revolution, and the "postmodern' movement, the changes brought upon us by the Information Revolution (Macionis, Plummer, 1998). ... Peter Berger has clearly expressed four major characteristics of the modern age (Macionis, Plummer, 1998). ... This is linked to Berger's next point; the increase of diversity in beliefs (Macionis, Plummer, 1998). ... This is what Weber saw as the "disenchantment- of the world (Macionis, Plumm...
While monkeys served as a host for this disease, they were only "seasonal hosts,"" a more likely host is thought to be tree squirrels, and human conception of this pox virus comes from children, who are more greatly infected, who probably contracted the virus by playing with the squirrels. ... Information about the Monkey Pox Outbreak. ...
Even though Koch and Williams were born way apart of each other it seems Koch is writing this poem out of retaliation for Williams eating his plum. ... Chopping down the house resembled the eating of the plum. The inviting wooden beams are the description of the plum. ... Therefore, If Williams hadn't eaten the plums, he would still have his summerhouse. ... Those three adjectives can also describe a plum. ...
