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Alcoholism



             The Disease Theory.
             According to Dr. James R. Miliam and Katherine Ketcham, alcoholism is defined as: "A chronic, primary, hereditary disease which progresses from an early, physiological susceptibility into an addiction characterized by tolerance changes, physiological dependence, and loss of control over drinking. Psychological symptoms are secondary to the physiological disease and not relevant to its onset (Milam 189). The idea of an inherited biological mechanism is not always a part of disease theories, although it has been a major source for medical research (Schuckit, 1984). The central trait of disease theories is the alcoholic's loss of control.
             The basic AA version of alcoholism as a disease is that the true alcoholic cannot control his or her drinking, an inability that exists before the first drink is taken. The condition is irreversible and progressive and requires complete abstinence. According to Milam, physiology decides if a person will be an alcoholic (Milam 35). People are genetically predisposed to be addicted, some people become addicted with the first drink. It is not a symbol of a psychological or moral weakness, but the effect of a series of molecular events (Niiler 17). Alcoholism is a primary disease and is not linked to another condition. Alcohol in small quantities is a stimulant, but in large quantities it acts as a sedative. Acetaldehyde, the central product of alcohol metabolism, appears to be one of the key villains in the onset of alcoholism (Milam 35). Charles Lieber, chief of research on liver disease, found that higher levels of acetaldehyde were found in alcoholics. He found that alcoholics seem to have a liver cell failure that causes the chemical to collect when the alcoholic drinks, because the metabolism cannot turn the alcohol into acetate (salt) fast enough. Acetaldehyde can cause liver and cell damage, and impaired cardiac function.


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