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P53 Gene

            
             The p53 gene is linked to the 17th chromosome and is a tumor suppressor protein. The protein p53 is vital in allowing other normal cells to grow, and be able to tell the difference in each other. A Mutation in p53 regulates significant change in transforming cells from being normal to malignant (cancerous). P53 helps (or codes) for a protein that acts that regulates the cell cycle. If p53 stops or does not start working, this gene through will disrupt the cell cycle. This will normally cause a tumor to form. P53 is linked to the 17th chromosome, meaning that it is autosomal. The p53 gene is also dominant and hereditary. P53 is usually only activated in mutated and damaged cells. This protein fixes what is broken or damaged and regulates growth. If the cell is irreparable, it goes through apoptosis (cell death).
             The p53 gene is apparently repairable. When scientists were able to repair the p53 gene in mice, the tumors shrank. In the near future, drugs in line with technology dealing with the p53 gene will probably be used in clinical trials to see if it can benefit humans with tumors that have damaged or mutant p53's.
             Mutations with the p53 have to be confirmed through genetic testing or mapping of chromosomes. Since the disease is found on the 17th chromosome, through mapping scientists are able to determine if p53 is the actual problem based upon symptoms. Symptoms include the follow (same as cancer): lump or thickening in the breast or testicles; a change in a wart or mole; a skin sore or a persistent sore throat that doesn't heal; a change in bowel or bladder habits, chronic fatigue. A suspected tumor is a big hint that the p53 is not properly working.
            


Essays Related to P53 Gene

1. Gene Therapy

Gene Therapy is the process of replacing a defective gene inside a patient's DNA with a working gene that will produce the correct gene products. But in order to carry a working gene to replace a defective gene is that it must be safe and it must deliver the genes to a high percentage of disease cells. ... But most of gene therapy experiments or patient's who have taken gene therapy are not always successful , because there are so many genes in your body and gene therapy could do so much. ... Or you could always use p53 (tumor suppressor) , what this basically do is event...

  • Word Count: 1322
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: High School

2. The Basics of Cancer

A mutation being a change to the structure of a gene via alteration to the DNA bases. ... In other words, cancer is the result of cumulative mutations that alter specific locations in a cell's DNA and thus change the particular proteins encoded by cancer-related genes at those locations (Gibbs 2004) An example of a carcinogenic agent that causes mutations is Ultraviolet light. ... These Pyrimidine dimers caused by UV light can't fit into a double helix, and so replication and gene expression are blocked until the abnormality is removed or repaired. ... These mechanisms consist of p5...

  • Word Count: 3250
  • Approx Pages: 13
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

3. Cell Cycle

The p53 pathway is important in the G1 phase in that the p53 gene functions in detecting DNA damage within the cell. ... Under normal circumstances, p53 is unstable and short lived; in cells with DNA damage, p53 stabilizes and accumulates. ... If DNA damage is irreparable, p53 activates death genes such as Bax, inducing apoptosis. ... Rb is a tumor suppressor gene that controls gene expression necessary for DNA synthesis (S phase). ... Other research has focused on the restoration of the p53 pathway. ...

  • Word Count: 1393
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4. Reading Journal - Biotechnology

The treatment also contributes to the diagnostic domain of biotechnology using DNA in the genes to alter mutated genes. ... This is done by injecting a normal working gene into a vector such as a virus that will eventually release the gene in place of the defective gene. ... Many cancers are linked to the p53 gene that prevents tumors. This gene may become mutated and cause the disease of cancer. With gene therapy to synthetically create a functional p53 gene eventually, the cure for cancer along with many other mutated gene diseases may be in sight with the help of diagnostic biotechnology ...

  • Word Count: 1283
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

5. Cancer

The breathtaking pace of gene discovery in the last two decades, coupled with the birth of recombinant DNA technology, gave rise to the concept that genes may be manipulated and used as drugs. ... Mutations of the p53 gene are the most frequent abnormality identified in human tumors. High levels of p53 expression and DNA-damaging agents work synergistcally to induce apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells. Phase I clinical trials now show that p53 gene replacement therapy using both retroviral and adenoviral vectors(these are ways of getting the replacement genes into the cell) is feasible and ...

  • Word Count: 1594
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: High School

6. Breast Cancer

There are 2 such genes called "BRCA1" and "BRCA2". Men can also carry this mutated gene and then pass it on to their offspring. ... The gene P53 is a tumor-suppressor gene which contributes to the fight against Breast Cancer since it prevents cell growth. ... Another gene which is similar in function to P53 is ataxia telangilctasia mutated or ATM. ... In most cases there is a defect or mutation in the DNA of the gene. ...

  • Word Count: 2529
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Grade Level: High School

7. Breast Cancer - Symptoms and Treatments

Meanwhile, cancer focusing on hereditary states that during fertilization, the zygote (fertilized egg) receives a mutated copy of certain anti-oncogene known as breast cancer predisposition genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2), ATM, CHEK2, P53 (Rivera-Varas, 1998). Eventually, each cell that develops will receive this mutated gene. ... As an anti-oncogene, BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene are DNA repair genes which are located on chromosome 17 and 13 respectively. ... However, people who inherit these genes have about 80% of developing breast cancer. ... Genetic risk factor: hereditary genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2 can ...

  • Word Count: 1253
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

8. DNA Big Topics

Sensitivity: (DNA fingerprinting: 1) DNA is treated with restriction enzymes, 2) resulting DNA fragments are separated from each other by electrophoresis, 3) DNA fragments are transferred to a gel (blotting such as "Southern blot,"") 4) a radioactive probe is added to the blot (a ss DNA complementary to the DNA of interest, e.g. disease-causing gene) that binds by base-pairing. 5) autoradiography makes visible the bands that bind to the radioactive probe. ... DNA mutations: Can be triggered by chemicals, radiation Or arise spontaneously Or be inherited Or be introduced by viruses...

  • Word Count: 876
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Grade Level: High School

9. Lung Cancer

Research has shown that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)--carcinogenic compounds in cigarette smoke--produce DNA damage patterns that are similar to the p53 mutation patterns found in lung cancer tissues in smokers. Earlier studies had shown that exposure to one specific PAH, benzo[alpha]pyrene diol epoxide, induces guanine adducts at mutational hotspots within the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which is mutated in 60% of human lung cancers. ...

  • Word Count: 1232
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

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