In 1989, a democratic government in Czechoslovakia was established, and in 1990, the country was renamed the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. In July of that year, Slovakia declared sovereignty, and an agreement was quickly reached to dissolve the Czech and Slovak union. On January 1, 1993, Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In Yugoslavia, the result of 1989 was not the creation of progressive, Western-oriented reform regimes (except in Slovenia) but instead the revival of regimes (often led by former Communists) that were old-fashioned in the sense that they pursued traditional nationalist agendas, often at the cost of suppressing democratic practices and human rights.
Why then did the first case end up in an amicable ( velvet') divorce while the other resulted in ethnic warfare where millions were killed by ethnic cleansing-what was the determining factor that made the two Soviet satellites find themselves at such different places? In my essay, I would like to argue that nationalism was the determining factor between the two. In the case of Czechoslovakia, nationalism was never a huge issue, as its minorities were cleansed at an earlier stage leaving both the Czechs and Slovaks in majority in their own territory. It was instead the memory of capitalism and liberal democracy still fresh in their minds, that caused the Czechs and Slovaks to work together in order to attain their freedom from their communist oppressors and once that goal was attained, an amicable separation seemed to be the obvious next course of action. In the example of Yugoslavia, nationalism goals took precedence to democratic ones and before any sort of liberal democracy could be consolidated, territories had to be defined and nation states had to be created. However such a task was not going to be so clear cut for Yugoslavia as the ethnic composition was not evenly dispersed, they had no memory of capitalism and in the 1960's unlike the Czechoslovakians they did not protest for democracy, but rather for territorial/nation state autonomy.
Compare and contrast the concepts of civic and ethnic nationalism. ... Nationalism in Europe: 1789-1945. ... Ethnic nationalism usually refers to nationalism determined by descent. ... Nations and Nationalism. ... In fact, the concepts of civic and ethnic nationalism are often, when applied to Europe, referred to as "Western" and "Eastern" nationalism respectively. ...
Black Nationalism is the name given to revitalization movements among black Americans. ... (Third Way, 4) Perhaps one of the best-known examples of Black Nationalism is the Nation of Islam. ... (Black Nationalism, 1) Fard disappeared sometime in 1933 or 1934. ... One of the greatest musical forms to come from and be influenced by Black Nationalism is hip-hop (rap) music. It has fostered a profound nationalism in black youth. ...
Why has Nationalism Become Such a Powerful Force in the Modern World? ... This idea again places nationalism firmly in the modern era, but points to social changes such as print capitalism and the increase in literacy to explain the rise and maintenance of nationalism. ... In "Nations and Nationalism" Gellner attempts to answer the question of why nationalism is so pervasive in the modern world. ... In Gellner's view "it is nationalism which engenders nations... Nationalism exists, and has existed in many non-industrial states, and, furthermore, most nationalisms claim to be historic...
A) Nationalism was said to be ignored when: a) People were put under foreign rule. ... B) Pros: examples illustrating the overlooking of nationalism: 1) Belgium 2) Poland 3) Germany 4) Italy 5) Saxony 6) Norway (joined with Sweden) C) Justifications for overlooking nationalism in 1815: 1. ... It's too demanding (not practical) to require the drafters to accept or even to promote nationalism when one takes into consideration: a) their social origin and class interests b) Austrian position c) Nationalism was related to the French Rev and it had to be suppressed. 3 Hindranc...
Many things happened between 1815 to 1848, Cultural Nationalism for instance occurred in the Educated German society who had been to university, although there was only a small amount this still meant that "Germany" had begun to consider Liberalism and Nationalism. The Revolutions and the Zollverein also played a big part in encouraging nationalism. ... The German people did not like this and so thoughts of nationalism and liberalism were spread as France was their new enemy. Therefore "the French spread Liberalism by intention but created Nationalism by inadvertence." ... Metternich t...
Nationalism can also be explained according to its origin within a society as Elie Kedourie describes in his essay on Nationalism and Self-Determination. ... He also describes nationalism as an "everyday plebiscite". ... Kedourie explains nationalism several different ways. ... Yet nationalism seems to be an uprising or rebellion within a state where the idea of nationalism is used as an excuse or type of scapegoat. ... Although both Renan and Goff defined nationalism as being the development of a nation according to societal similarities, nationalism can also develop out of extreme situa...
Nationalism by Mahatma Gandhi One person or a group of people can take on a major role of the unification process that brings upon nationalism for their country. To get a better understanding of what nationalism is, one must learn the meaning of "nationalism." ... Nationalism is a striving force that can help a country thrive. There are also different ways that a country can achieve nationalism. ... Nationalism is the key that unites people, and ideas of how nationalism can be achieved differ throughout the world as shown by Mahatma Gandhi. ...
Overall, nationalism has a very positive affect on a country and it's citizens. ***Nationalism strengthens a nation by allowing citizens to attain unity and pride. ... This shows two of the many ways that nationalism has a positive effect on society. ... ***In the past years of Russia, nationalism was of great importance. ... Nationalism is something that should be recognized and appreciated. ...
This lead him to believe nationalism was the best way to get German people behind him. ... One example of nationalism leading to the division of an empire was the Ottoman Empire. ... There was a great sense of nationalism by the Young Turks. ... The theme of Nationalism sets an example that motivation can come from anything. ... Nationalism helped spark the German people to take action and help unify their nation while nationalism helped other countries contribute to the fall of the Ottoman Empire. ...
Patriotism is just a sliver of what extreme nationalism represents. When a nation adopts nationalism it can take a variety of forms. ... Multiply this on a national scale and you have nationalism. ... Imperialism, nationalism, and genocide are all correlated subjects. ... Nationalism and Citizenship. 15, Feb. 2000. ...
