Furnham and Bochner (1986) have offered eight explanations for culture shock and attempt to point out the limitations for each explanation. Due to their favoring the latter four, those are the reasons that will be discussed. .
According to Furnham and Bochner (1986), "culture shock should be seen as, and calculated by, negative life events, such that the more actual change people experience and have to adapt to, the more likely it is that they will experience culture shock. The sheer number of major life experiences is a good (negative) predictor of adaptation and happiness." Secondly, "the better both quantitatively and qualitatively, one's social support network of friends, family and co-nationals, the better will be one's ability to overcome culture shock." Furthermore, "value differences between native and foreign culture are the most powerful predictors of adaptation and shock. The closer one approaches the fundamental values and behaviors that drive them, the easier it is for them to adapt." Finally, "the actual social skills one possesses in dealing with people from the native culture are the best predictor of adaptation and shock." (Furnham,1997).
Since Oberg (1960) it has been widespread to describe the theory in terms of stages. Oberg (1960) listed four stages of shock: the honeymoon stage, an initial enchantment, fascination, and superficial relationship with hosts, the crisis stage, initial differences in language, concepts, and values lead to feelings of frustration and anxiety, the recovery stage, the crisis is resolved by several methods such that the person learns the language and culture of the host county, and lastly, the adjustment stage, the foreigner begins to enjoy the new culture although their still may be moments of anxiety and strain. .
One of the more significant of these stage-wise theories is the debate on the U-curve. Attributed to Lysgaard (1955), he concluded from his study of over 200 Norwegian Fulbright scholars in the USA that people go through three stages: initial adjustment, crisis, and regained adjustment.
That is where I think that the "Culture Shock" for these people begins. ... Different forms of Culture Shock include: Cognitive Fatigue, Role Shock, and Personal Shock according to Winkleman. ... The list of elements that can lead a person to culture shock is endless. ... Culture Shock can happen at anytime in a variety of forms. ... For some, culture shock has never be...
Oberg (1960) was the first person to use the term "culture shock" referring to the experience of living or visiting a new culture and facing unfamiliarity. ... Moreover, some common symptoms of culture shock consist of anxiety, specifically a "free-floating" anxiety. ... The extent of culture shock has been observed to be associated with the amount of difference between the visitor's culture and the culture of the country they are visiting or working in. ... According to Furnham and Bochner (1986), "culture shock should be seen as, and calculated by, negative life events, such that the m...
A SHOCKED CULTURE When speaking of the term "culture shock" immediately I identify with being in a foreign country for the first time. This is true but it is not the only exception of culture shock, many encounters can lead to culture shock. ... According to Kalervo Oberg, who is credited for finding the term "culture shock", there are four stages of this phenomenon. ... It is where the "shock" portion of the term comes to play. ... The recovery stage is that point when the initial shock starts to wear off. ...
Culture Shock In the article "Overcoming Culture Shock", Erick Liljenstope comments not only on the concept of "Tico Time" which refers to the way we Costa Ricans relate to time, but also on our perception of space. ... This difference and the shock it produces on visitors and perhaps foreigners in general, makes Liljenstope reflect on the way they (foreigner) can and should react and concludes that the best one is to try to understand why it is that we Costa Ricans behave as we do, regarding time and even space without trying to degrade or change our way of handling things. As a matter ...
Culture Shock The following is an essay on an interview I conducted with a friend about culture shock, it is for the most part in her own words. I recorded the interview and then put her words to paper, some of the wording referring to culture shock and the different things such as ethnocentrism are my own words: My trip to Europe was an eye opening experience. ... I had never experienced culture shock before, or for that matter ever really understood it. ... In each country I experienced a different variety of culture. ... The ability to carry on a culture relies on the abil...
The Culture Shock I experienced moving from the Island of Guam to the city of SanDiego. ... In this essay I plan to explain the differences in culture, food and the day to day living. ... We adapted to the food and culture of the island very quickly. ... Living in California, I've found that the Hispanic culture closely resembles the Chamorro culture. ... Although, my roots are in Guam and I"ll never forget the culture and the people, I've decided to make San Diego my home away from home....
The Indonesian culture originated from the farming activities of the indigenous people. ... The Indonesian culture has a great variety due to the fact that Indonesia is a very vast country. ... Another way to analyze their culture is through their religion which is called "Sibulungan". ... Culture Shock is a form of anxiety created from the loss of the commonly perceived and understood signs and symbols in a different culture. People who experience culture shock usually defend themselves through depression, repression, rejection, regression, digestion and reclusion. ...
Well I know I sure am.... but after reading State of Shock, my opinion of normal lacklustre skool texts" has somewhat changed. ... Racism, violence, sexual abuse, discrimination and the undermining theme of institutionisation all interact to create the powerful production "State of Shock". ... State of Shock is a play not to be missed. ... The foundation of this text is based upon the consequences of formidable years of ongoing institutionalisation that has depreciated the traditions of the aboriginal culture. The volatile Eddie, basis his heartfelt violence and antagonism of the degra...
First, foreign visitor should consider values as the most important part of the culture in my country. ... Simply talking for foreigners to adjust easily with Yemen's culture, they should follow a basic skill for the communication style. Concept of times differs from a person to another depending on the culture they live in. Many people in different cultures say that time is money. ... In brief, many people face a cultural shock when visiting another country having different cultural patterns. ...
