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Factors That Affect Enzyme Activity.

The internal energy of the molecules may include the translational energy, vibrational energy and rotational energy of the molecules, the energy involved in chemical bonding of the molecules as well as the energy involved in nonbonding interactions. Some of this heat may be converted into chemical potential energy. If this chemical potential energy increase is great enough some of the weak bonds that determine the three-dimensional shape of the active proteins may be broken. This could lead to a thermal denaturation of the protein and therefore inactivate the protein. Therefore too much heat can cause the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction to decrease because the enzyme or substrate becomes denatured and inactive.
             .
             Diagram 1.1 the temperature optima of three different enzymes are depicted. You should note that the temperature optimum of each enzyme is different. .
             The Curve in blue might represent an enzyme isolated from a shrimp that normally lives in the cold waters of Alaska. Thus its enzymes have evolved to work best at lower temperatures.
             The curve in red might represent that obtained with porcine chymotrypsin.
             Curve in green might represent the temperature optimum obtained with an enzyme isolated from bacteria that normally lives in the hot springs of Yellowstone National Park. Http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochem/problem/energy-enzymes.09.t.html.
             Affect of Substrate Concentration to enzyme activity.
             Enzymes react uniquely to change in the concentration of reacting molecules. At very low substrate concentration, collisions between enzyme and substrate molecules are rare and reaction proceeds slowly. As the substrate concentration increases, their reaction rate at first increases proportionately as collisions between enzyme molecules and reactants become more frequent see diagram 1.2. When the enzymes begin to move towards the maximum rate at which they can unite with reactants and release products, the effects of increasing substrate concentration reduce.


Essays Related to Factors That Affect Enzyme Activity.

1. To investigate the factors that affects the reactivity of the enzyme Catalase.

To investigate the factors that affects the reactivity of the enzyme Catalase. ... An enzyme is protein that acts as a catalyst in biochemical reactions. ... Enzyme activity is influenced by substrate concentration and by temperature and pH, which must lie within a certain range. ... Enzymes are also affected by temperature, this increases their activity. ... Factors, which affect the activity of an enzyme; Temperature; Temperature affects the activity of an enzyme by doubling the activity with a increase of 100C. ...

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  • Grade Level: High School

2. Enzymes

Discuss enzymes under the following headings: a. enzyme structure b. mode of action c. factors affecting enzyme activity Enzymes are biological catalysts because they speed up chemical reactions without being affected themselves. ... There are many factors that affect enzyme activity. ... Another factor that affects enzyme activity is temperature. ... Gene mutation also affects enzyme activity. ... Many enzymes require the help of co-factors such as mineral ions, vitamins or even other enzymes for their activity. ...

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  • Grade Level: High School

3. Temperature and Substrate Concentration on Enzyme Activity

There are various factors that affect the rate of enzyme activity. ... The optimum temperature for enzyme activity is generally that of animals. ... Controlling these factors in a cell is one way that an organism regulates its enzyme activity. Changing the concentration of a substance only affects the rate of reaction if it is the limiting factor (McCallum, 2011). The limiting factor is the factor that is stopping a reaction from preceding at a higher rate. ...

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4. Enzyme Kinetics

Enzyme Kinetics Abstract This experiment was performed to determine the factors that influence enzyme reaction rates. Amylase enzyme activity was measured through its absorption rate in spectrophotometer, using light with a wavelength of 560 nm. ... "High levels of pH affect enzymes by causing denaturation (Neilands, 1955)," hardly the case here. Human error cannot be ruled out, there are several factors that could have caused the unpredictable data. ... "This shape is very important to the enzyme's catalyzing efficiency and many environmental conditions can affect the shape...

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  • Grade Level: High School

5. Optimal Temp And PH Of Enzymes

A cell's physical and chemical environment affects enzyme activity. The activity of an enzyme is affected by general environmental factors, such as temperature and pH. ... A cell's physical and chemical environment affects enzyme activity. The activity of an enzyme is affected by general environmental factors, such as temperature and pH. ... Once altered, the enzyme can no longer affect the conversion of substrate into product, and the initial velocity of the reaction is reduced. ...

  • Word Count: 1671
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

6. The Effect Of Varying Enzyme Concentration On The Breakdown Of Hydrogen Peroxide

Variables In this investigation, the variables that affect the activity of the enzyme, Catalase, were considered and controlled so that they would not disrupt the success of the experiment. ... ii) pH - Any change in pH affects the ionic and hydrogen bonding in an enzyme and so alters it shape. ... It appears that at this "maximum level", increasing the enzyme concentration had little effect and other factors such as substrate concentration were limiting the reaction and prevented any further increases in the rate of reaction. ... Some of which can be classified as limiting factors i.e...

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  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

7. Science Lab - Understanding Enzymes

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, the amount of energy that must be put into the reaction before it can take place.1 For an enzyme to work to its full potential, it must be placed in ideal conditions. The most predominant factors that influence the effectiveness of an enzyme are temperature and pH, and thus each enzyme has an optimum temperature and pH. ... Increasing the surface area of a particular cell type increases the amount of available active sites that an enzyme can bind to. ... Controlled Factors Volume of detergent, initial temperature (16, time, amount of material ...

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  • Grade Level: High School

8. Factors Affecting Glycogen Storage in Oral Bacteria

These oral bacteria contain an enzyme called glucosyltransferase on the exterior of their cell membranes. This enzyme only uses sucrose, or table sugar, as its substrate. ... Glucosyltransferase enzyme is located on the exterior surface of the cell membrane of Mutans streptococci, leaving the enzyme capable of interacting with the external environment. ... Many factors may affect the storage, location, and usage of glycogen in bacteria. ... Sucrose, the component of common table sugar, can affect caries production in two ways. ...

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  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

9. Albinos

This affects hair and skin color, and also the optic system. ... Information: Oculocutaneous albinism affects 1 in 17,000 individuals. ... The result of abnormalities in the tyrosinase enzyme creates the absence of melanin, which affects two main regions of the body. ... White circles are the location of cystein residues and the EGF is an epidermal growth factor-like region. ... It also negatively affects eyesight. ...

  • Word Count: 579
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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