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Down Syndrome

            Every time a pregnancy occurs there is a chance of having a child that is mentally retarded. Mental retardation represents the lower end of the distribution of intelligence. An IQ of less than 70 is generally regarded as mental retardation. The most common form of mental retardation appears in the form of the incurable Down Syndrome.
             Down Syndrome--An Explanation.
             Down Syndrome is a birth defect where there is a congenital malformation accompanied by moderate to severe mental retardation, and caused by a chromosomal abnormality. Down Syndrome is the most common genetic birth defect associated with mental retardation and occurs equally across all races and levels of society. The effects of the disorder on physical and mental development are severe and expressed throughout the persons life. (Genetic Disorders Source Book pg. 2).
             Down Syndrome is characterized by a genetic defect in the chromosome pair 21. Normal cells in the human body, except the Ova and Sperm cells have 46 chromosomes. There are 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes. Normal reproductive cells contain 23 chromosomes, 22 of them are autosomes and there is one sex chromosome. In all other no reproductive body cells, chromosomes occur in pairs. The 22 pairs of autosomes are designated by a number with the two sex chromosomes being represented by a XX for a female or a XY for a male. The defect associated with Down Syndrome is the presence of an extra material on the chromosome pair designated 21. Other defects may be associated with an extra chromosome but only Down Syndrome is characterized by extra chromosome 21 material. There are three forms in which extra material can appear as, and they are Trisomy 21, Translocation, and Mosaicism. (Genetic Disorder Source Book pgs. 3-4).
             Relationship of Down Syndrome to Maternal Age.
             Surveys have shown that the average incidence of Down Syndrome is about one in every 800 live births.


Essays Related to Down Syndrome

1. Down's Syndrome

Down's Syndrome Each year, there are about three thousand to five thousand people who are diagnosed with Down's Syndrome. in the United States alone. The way in which Down's Syndrome occurs is when there is an abnormality in chromosome 21. Therefore, most people with Down's Syndrome have an extra 21 chromosome. ... People with Down's Syndrome have physical abnormalities and phsychological ones. ... In addition, there is alot of differenves with children who have Down syndrome. ...

  • Word Count: 894
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Grade Level: High School

2. Down Syndrome

DOWN SYNDROME Down Syndrome is a very serious disease. ... Down Syndrome was first discovered by a physician named John Langdon Down in 1866. ... John Langdon Down referred to the children with Down Syndrome "Mongoloids." ... People with Down Syndrome could mate a have children. ... If a person with Down Syndrome would mate, Down Syndrome could be passed to the offspring. ...

  • Word Count: 420
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome What is Down syndrome? Everyone has heard of Down syndrome but does anyone really know what it is and the causes of Down syndrome. ... Trisomy 21 is the most common type of Down syndrome. 95% of people with Down syndrome have Trisomy 21. ... This occurs in about 3 to 4% of people with Down syndrome. ... Even though the cause of Down syndrome is not known, we know plenty to help us with dealing and helping people with Down syndrome. ...

  • Word Count: 445
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: High School

4. Down syndrome

DOWN SYNDROME Down syndrome is a chromosomal anomaly which usually causes delays in physical and intellectual development. Children with Down syndrome are not defective, they are just different. ... The exact cause and prevention of Down syndrome is unknown. ... There are three major types of Down syndrome. ... Children with Down syndrome are no different. ...

  • Word Count: 1358
  • Approx Pages: 5

5. Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by extra genes from the 21st chromosome. The extra genes cause certain characteristics that we know as Down Syndrome. ... So unless mental retardation is a symptom of Down Syndrome, their aren't any. ... People with Down Syndrome do not have normal life expectancies. ... There are not that many people that are affected with Down Syndrome. ...

  • Word Count: 385
  • Approx Pages: 2
  • Grade Level: High School

6. Down Syndrome

Before judging an individual with Down syndrome, it is important for everyone to know what Down syndrome is and what it encompasses. In 1866 an English doctor named John Langdon Down reported a few select characteristics that became known as Down syndrome. However, many people believe that Down syndrome has always existed. ... Translocation Down syndrome is not very common, only occurring in about 4% of Down syndrome cases. ... Down syndrome has changed over the years, in the past Down syndrome's health problems usually ended in premature death, whereas now most of the health problem...

  • Word Count: 1929
  • Approx Pages: 8

7. Down syndrome

Down syndrome can be determined during pregnancy, however the degree of Down syndrome cannot be determined until the child is born. ... Down syndrome is the most frequently occurring chromosomal abnormality in the world even though Down syndrome is not inherited by genetics but is a genetic defect that occurs randomly. ... Women over the age of thirty -five are more likely to have children with Down syndrome but eighty percent of children with Down syndrome are born to women under the age of thirty-five. ... The last and least common form of Down syndrome is Mosaicism affecting only 1% of the...

  • Word Count: 659
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Down Syndrome

One of the most common of these genetic disorders is Down syndrome. ... Down syndrome occurs when there is an abnormality in chromosome 21. ... WHAT IS DOWN SYNDROME? There are three main types of Down syndrome. ... However, 85% of Down syndrome cases are with mothers younger then 35. ...

  • Word Count: 956
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Grade Level: High School

9. Down Syndrome

Not every child with Down syndrome has all the characteristics; some may only have a few, an others may show most of the signs of Down syndrome. Over a 120 features have been described in Down syndrome. ... Down Syndrome in Live Births by Single Year Maternal Age. ... Parents who have a child with Down syndrome have an increased risk of having another child with Down syndrome in future pregnancies. ... Children with translocation Down syndrome do not differ from children with trisomy 21 Down syndrome in the degree to which they are affected. ...

  • Word Count: 2977
  • Approx Pages: 12
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

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