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Cells

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             There were proteins transferred on the stained filter where they were trapped hence, bands of stain marks appeared. The nitrocellulose paper was incubated in blocking medium containing protein to prevent non-specific binding by the primary antibody. The primary antibody we used was monoclonal, which was made in mouse against rabbit sarcomeric actin. The primary antibody (anti-actin) did visualize the band. The secondary antibody we used was anti-mouse IGM made in goat to which the enzyme alkaline phosphatase is labeled. The control strip was not exposed to the primary antibody, where as the experimental strip was. The control strip has non-specific binding by the secondary antibody. The primary antibody binds the specific spot on the experimental strip and the secondary antibody binds the primary antibody and we were able to see the enzyme directly. The Rf value of the band visualized by the primary antibody is 0.69 (expt). There was no non-specific binding by the secondary antibody as the control strop did not have primary antibody attached to it. If primary antibody was bound to anything else then everything would be stained other than actin so there was no non-specific binding by the primary antibody. The enzyme linked antibody amplified the signal since each alkaline phophatase molecule can catalyze the continued formation of colored product from the substrate added. With secondary antibody for instance example antimouse antibody conjugated to gold has a color and no extra step is needed involving a substrate. However, with enzyme linked antibody it is much cheaper and it has capability of amplifying the signal.
             CYTOSKELETON AND CELL MOTILITY III.
             Polyclonal antibodies consist of a mixture of antibody molecule variants which react with more than one site on the antigenic site. Monoclonal antibodies react with only one site on the antigen. Monoclonal antibodies have extreme specificity.


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3. Stem Cells

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5. Stem cells

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7. Stem Cell Research

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8. The Purpose of Stem Cell Research

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