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American Populist Movement And Progressive Era


Americans began to have time off from work, spending it enjoying sports, shopping, dancing, and music (Fink 325). Historians exalted, "a collapsing older social divisions based on region, ethnicity, class, and sex. The new leisure and commercial empires exercised a powerful nationalizing force within the culture (Fink 325)." This nationalist sentiment allowed for spread of political movements among a diverse population. Furthermore, this nationalism accompanied the rise of American imperialism. Domestic markets proving to be too small too compensate for production and policymakers that wished to enter global stage, prompted U.S. interference in Cuba, the Philippines, and South America (Maier 661-662). Also, many immigration laws are put in place to stop flood of non- Western Europeans. The Roosevelt Corollary (1904) warned Europe that the U.S. would intervene with police action involving the Western Hemisphere, signaling shift in American global stance (Maier 679). At home, the massive construction of railroads invited westward migration within the country.
             American expansion into the frontier was a result of the extensive railroad networks leading westward. Migrants headed west with dreams of economic success and a new beginning. Droves of farmers flooded Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas; John D. Hicks characterized the migrants as, "a bewildered people trying to find relief from a state of economic distress made certain by the unprecedented size and suddenness of their assault upon the west (Holmes 4)." By 1880 the frontier population had swelled from the preceding decade; Kansas grew from a third of a million in the 1870's to a full million, Nebraska grew from a quarter million to a half million, and Minnesota had a seventy-five percent increase (Holmes 7). Many of these migrants were poor and lacked adequate funds to invest into their crops, forcing them to appeal to southern merchants for loans.


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