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Buddhism In Japan


It is also important to note Professor Reischauer comparison of these three sects. He believes that the "popular Buddhism of Kamakura times had come to resemble Christianity in a number of ways through its emphasis on a single saving deity (Amida), the portrayal of heaven, hell, and the narrow path to salvation, the stress on faith, and the display of religious zeal in public preaching and chanting." These popular sects ultimately reconfigured the standard for religious faith in Japan for many centuries to come. .
             The first of these new sects was the Pure Land or Jodo sect. What the Pure Land Buddhists found was hope. Through simple practices they could look forward in their next life to a birth in a special realm called Sukhavati (the realm of serene bliss) or pure land. It was here that they would be able to complete their training in a perfect environment with the help of Amida Buddha. The Pure Land sect was founded in 1175 by Honen (133-1212). Honen emphasized salvation through calling on the Buddha's name and the need for temples, priests, and rituals. Honen taught of man's ability to attain salvation through his own efforts, for it was only by relying on forces outside himself that man could be saved. It was during this time that man was often searching for an escape or relief from the prevalent chaotic times. Honen claimed that the search of a release from suffering and mortality could only be accomplished if "man realized that salvation can come only through faith in Buddha's original vow. Such faith could only be expressed by repeating with utmost sincerity the name of Amida (nembutsu)." Naturally the traditional sects were outraged by his claims and in 1207 Honen was banished from Kyoto. .
             In the meantime, one of Honen's followers, Shinran (1173-1262), further simplified and popularized Honen's ideas by claiming that the call upon the name of Amida was all that was needed in man's search for salvation.


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