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B.F. Skinner's Walden Two


Men, women, and children live together in perfect harmony, growing their own food, manufacturing their own tools and implements, designing and sewing their own clothes; in short, existing in a state of total self-sufficiency. There is no conflict, no ambition, no crime, and no anxiety or emotional illness, although there is an abundance of creative activity of all kinds. Amidst all this perfection of living, only outsiders would trouble to ask who rules the miniature kingdom; the inhabitants are unconcerned, and as Frazier points out, would not want to vote on the question anyway.
             Walden Two does have a government, of course, but the democratic process plays precious little part in its make-up. With the social engineers having devised a code to guarantee the success of the community, the troublesome and inefficient process of voting on question of common concern has been cast aside. Instead, there is an enlightened despotism of the wise men who have designed this little world, in which all of the important decisions have already been made: how the community will be organized, what the extent of personal liberties is too be and how much they will be curtailed in the interests of the common good, and who will get what.
             The two notable freedoms of Walden Two, the freedom to choose a job and the freedom to join and leave, are curiously in keeping with the overall design of a conflict-free community. Frazier explains that prospective members need only surrender their worldly good and agree to abide by the Code of the community in order to join. After that, they can choose to perform any of the designated tasks, which they are presented with, those tasks being weighted with "labor credits- which are exchanged for room and board.
             Frazier, who is of course himself one of the Planners, repeatedly stresses the inadvisability of a cumbersome democracy as the basis of a utopian community.


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