Thematic essay - A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess.
In the novel A Clockwork Orange by Anthony Burgess the main character goes through some major changes mentally, by way of conditioning. This brings up debate in whether his actions are his own free will or is he just a machine acting out what he is programmed to do.
Conditioning is a process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to associate a desired behavior with a previously unrelated stimulus. An example would be of Pavlov and his dogs, each time Pavlov would feed the dogs they would salivate. Each time he fed the dogs he rang a bell until eventually without food he could get the dogs to salivate without presenting them with food but merely ringing a bell. In A Clockwork Orange Alex is conditioned by being forced to watch violent acts after he is injected with a serum used to make him sick. The treatment goes on until each time Alex thinks about doing anything wrong such as robbing an old man, raping a girl, or any violent act, he becomes deathly sick. If he were to think of anything wrong it would make him so sick he would vomit and fall to the floor. He learned to control his thoughts from wandering to doing bad things and in turn could only do well. ( Almaz ) (Dictionary).
If a human can not make a choice between good and bad, is that person really human? This is the question that is asked now. If Alex cannot make the choice to do wrong is it really his choice? What makes him better than any machine now that he cannot make his own choice?.
Burgess's definition of moral freedom as the ability to perform both good and evil is presented by implication in his discussion of the first kind of clockwork orange. In his introduction, he states that if one "can only perform good or only perform evil, then he is a clockwork orange - meaning that he has the appearance of an organism lovely with colour and juice but is in fact only a clockwork toy to be wound up by God or the Devil or (since this is increasingly replacing both) the Almighty State.