Pain is an unpleasant sensory and the emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. It alerts us to danger and tells us when something is wrong within our bodies. If danger is acute the body may react even before the brain is aware of the danger. For example the reflex action of jumping away from a sharp object or something hot prevents us from being cut or burned. It is only after we have jumped away that we become aware of a our actions (Baines 1998). Unlike other sensations, the perceptive sensation of pain can be influenced by other past or present experiences, for example, heightened pain perception accompanying fear of needles, or lowered pain perception in an injured athlete during a competitive event (Sherwood, 1995).
There are three categories of pain receptors: 1) Mechanical nociceptors which respond to mechanical damage such as pinching or cutting. 2) Thermal nociceptors which respond to temperature extremes. 3) Polymodal nociceptors which respond equally to all kinds of damaging stimuli (Sherwood, 1995). These nociceptors do not have specialized receptor structures, they are all naked nerve endings. Due to their value in survival nociceptors do not adapt to sustained or repetitive stimulation. The terminals of the afferent fibers synapse with specific interneurons in the spinal cord from which the signal is transmitted to the brain for perceptual processing. One of the neurotransmitters released from this afferent terminals is substance P which is believed to be unique to pain fibers. All nociceptors can be sensitized by the presence of prostaglandin's ,which greatly enhance the receptor response to noxious stimuli, in other words it hurts more when prostaglandin's are present. Prosta!.
glandin's are a special group of fatty acids derivatives that act locally on being released. Drugs such as aspirin inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin's, accounting for the pain relieving properties of such drugs (Sherwood, 1995).
Imagine a life without pain. No one would live with disease, nor would our loved ones die. Every day would be comfortable and carefree. There would be no heartbreak or broken bones, no headaches or discomfort. Smiles would be plentiful, while tears would be scarce. A life without pain seems like a p...
The results of chronic pain cause many physical disabilities. ... Chronic pain is a very emotional disease. ... David suffers from chronic pain. His pain began after a tractor-trailer accident. ... Hopefully research will lead to a cure to chronic pain or a way to make the pain tolerable for people who suffer from chronic pain....
Pain management is important because "uncontrolled pain reduces the quality of life-persistent pain interfers with activates of daily living and social interactions. ... Within the article "Assessment and Management of Patients with Cancer Pain" the first step is managing a patient's pain is pain diagnosis. Pain diagnoses are generated by identifying the cause and type of pain. Types include acute and chronic pain. ... Unequivocally "Cancer pain is complex and is likely to be a mixture or somatic or visceral nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain mechanisms" (Chap...
This study will focus specifically on the phenonema known as "phantom limb pain," or PLP. History First described more than 500 years ago, phantom limb pain (PLP) is a common disorder today; as many as 50% to 80% of patients who undergo amputation report experiencing pain in the missing appendage (Nikolajsen L, Jensen). ... Characteristics of PLP Phantom pain, according to the Mayo Clinic, is pain that feels like it's coming from a body part that's no longer there. ... Similarly, pain from the remaining stump of an amputated limb is not phantom pain. ... Treatment Opti...
Long Term Affect of Pain: Immediate Attention to Pain is Essential Pain is real, but the level of pain is perceived and subjective. ... However, to what degree was pain actually apparent? ... If a cancer patient with chronic pain experienced a similar ankle injury, the value of pain exhibited with the ankle injury would be less than the pain experienced from the cancer. This is due to the tolerance of pain the body has been subjected to and the ability of the receptors to reduce the level of pain. ... Early intervention to manage pain does not reduce the amount or sensitivity to pain. ...
The following paper will explain the physiological process of pain transmission as well as identify the different types of pain, potential influences of pain perception and relate these to paediatric nursing. ... " Pain can be of acute or chronic nature. ... Pain modulation can be influenced by endogenous opioids like endorphins by inhibiting the pain stimuli (Porth, 2005). ... The child's pain needs to be acknowledged and the child given time to explain their pain experience (Kuttner, 2010). ... Some common presentations of children in hospital are procedure-related pain and abdomin...
Prescription pain medications bring temporary relief, but eventually the sufferer of chronic pain becomes dependent immune. ... Technology does not have the answer for relief from chronic pain. ... According to the American Chronic Pain Association, "the use of analgesics (pain relievers) and other medications is the most common method of chronic pain treatment. Pain medications can be helpful for some patients suffering from chronic pain, but they do not work for everybody. ... Those that suffer from chronic pain have suffered long enough. ...
What is pain? ... There are two dimensions of pain; the physical and the emotional pain. ... The physical aspects of pain can vary greatly from a sharp prick with a shot to the excruciating pain of childbirth. Emotional pain has to be the most horrid, in my opinion, of all types of pain. ... In summary, there is no escaping pain. ...
Sublime is based in pain because it is so overwhelming it passes over beauty into powerful emotion. ... The first is that sublimity can arise when one goes through pain in order to exacerbate beauty into the overwhelming emotion that he or she has been striving for, and the second comes in the form of positive pain, which is a thought process in which the individual enjoys thinking about the pain that was suffered but is not being suffered currently because pain is a more powerful emotion than pleasure, so one can find pleasure in not having pain. The first definition of sublimity through pa...
