Astronomers also use a piece of equipment called the star tracker. This is a device that automatically measures the angular separation of stellar observations with respect to a reference platform. It is also referred to as an as-trotracker. By utilizing the star tracker in conjunction with a precise time reference (chronometer) and a dead-reckoning device consisting of gyroscopes and accelerometers (inertial navigator), a digital computer can correct many of the inertial navigator errors so that precise, autonomous (free from any radio position aids), terrestrial navigation can be achieved. Star trackers are also used extensively for both military and non-military applications on space probes, space-based interceptors, and satellites. In these applications the precise attitude capabilities of these devises provide the precision reference for pointing of the vehicle and Earth or planet sensors. On space missions, star trackers are the only sensors presently available that can provide arc-second attitude accuracy. .
Although astronomy and astrophysics are very close, Astronomy, in itself, has a many divisions. As stated in the McGraw-Hill Multimedia Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, these divisions include stellar astronomy, the study of the stars, especially through observations of the intensity of the light and it's variation and stellar spectra, interstellar astronomy, the study of interstellar space, especially the hydrogen gas and the molecules observed there, galaxies, which can now be studied principally by spectroscopy, with new techniques such as those described above, cosmology, mapping of the distance to thousands of galaxies has enabled three-dimensional maps of regions of space to be made the structure of space must be interpreted in models of galaxy formation. The other divisions are solar physics which the study of the sun, traditionally known as solar physics rather than solar astronomy, treats it not only as an individual object close enough to study in detail but also as a prototype of more distant stars.
Orion sided with children 2-8 who were the oldest and best suited for fighting. ... Orion was the first to the boats. ... What he did not know was that Orion was thinking the same thing. ... She landed a few hits then sprang away from Orion sprinting deeper into the forest. Orion was not phased by his wounds and quickly gathered up the rest of the guns he found. ...
As they got bigger, they brought out all of the lesser reasons such as coal and iron ore. ... The four less important reasons were the improvement in transport, growing population, coal and iron ore and peace in Britain from 1750 onwards. ... Coal and iron ore was an important reason because iron ore was used to make tools and machines and coal was used to power steam pumps for cheap power. ... Without their trust and money, our exports would never have brought in money, leading onto our banking system, which meant we didn't have to fork out for war and we could afford to pay our worke...
Each type of ore has a method to process and extract. If the ore is parallel with the surface, it is best to use an open pit mine because it would be more economical to strip the top off the ore until it's able to mine across the top of the ore. If the ore is at a steep angle to surface, you can dig down right into the ore, as an underground mine. ... Several conveyors then take the ore into the mills, huge rotating drums that tumble the ore to crush it, to crush the ore into dust-sized particles. ... An oxide ore, similar to the sulfide ore, is an ore, which contains copper and oxygen, c...
Before the Industrial Revolution (before 1700) the raw materials required for the manufacture of iron were, iron ore, charcoal and water. ... Coal fields where iron ore was found within the coal seams ("black-band iron ore") were particularly favourable and by 1800 many iron works had been built in South Wales, South Staffordshire, Shropshire, Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire as a result. By around 1855 this black-band iron ore was running out. ... This spurred by the invention of the Gilchrist-Thomas process (in 1878), which made it possible to smelt iron from phosphoric ores, o...
The majority of copper comes from seven kinds of ores. Copper ores usually contain less then 4 % copper. Some ores may yield as less as 0.2 % copper. ... Blocks of mineralised ore are systematically blasted, and the now crushed ore is hoisted in a skip up to one of many shafts, to a surface stockpile. ... The majority of copper comes from seven kinds of ores. ...
Many open cut mines progress to underground techniques if the gold grade is sufficient and continuous lodes or ore-shoots are found. ... Gold Processing Most gold ore is processed, with the collected gold smelted to over 75% purity at or near the mine site. Gold is mainly separated from ore using the carbon pulp process. Ore is crushed to a fine silt, then mixed with water and sodium cyanide to form a slurry. ... Recent advances in technology have developed biological oxidation of sulphide ores. ...
Gold and Copper are extracted from there ores, Extracting Copper From its ore there are different methods used to extract copper from its ore, "some mining companies make use of bacterial leaching solutions to extract copper from low-grade ores and tailing dumps- (Article 2) the copper ions can be removed from bacterial leaching solutions by a process called Ligand Exchange extraction, metals such as Iron, Fe2+ and Fe3+ are left in the solution. ... Cu2+ (aq) + 2LH(org) « CuL2 (org) + 2H+(aq) L represents Ligand This reaction removes copper ions which are in the water and...
Main Ore deposits in the world are found in Zaire, Morocco and Canada. ... In Australia Cobalt ores are found in WA, NSW, QLD and Tasmania. Cobaltite is the name of the ore that cobalt is found in and in Australia cobaltite is found in Ravensthorpe in WA and at Mt. ... Cobalt is found in low-grade ore; therefore small amounts of cobalt must be separated from large amounts of waste. Depending on the minerals in the ore different methods of extraction are used. ...
