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Genetic Engineering


After a study such as this one on the rats - consumers aren't likely to want to buy any genetically modified foods.
             According to a specific article (SCOPE: GM Food: About the controversy) Genetic modification is "The techniques of modern genetics have made possible the direct manipulation of the genetic makeup of organisms. In agriculture, genetic engineering allows simple genetic traits to be transferred to crop plants from wild relatives, other distantly related plants, or virtually any other organism. .
             Genetic Modification cab be used in many ways to control a variety of traits of plants, and the consequences of one manipulation may be completely different from another based on the traits modified.".
             This is related to humans as consumers of these foods we are obviously interested in the effects of genetic manipulation on animal tissue. If we are aware of the effects and we know the product is safe, we may spend our money on it. Otherwise we will avoid any products that have been genetically modified if we know it has certain health risks.
             Genetics began in the middle of the nineteenth century with the work of Augustine Monk, Gregor Mendel. He discovered, while working with pea pants that some of the characteristics of the offspring were inherited from the parents as discrete units rather than a blend, as traditionally thought. .
             Oswald Avery discovered and demonstrated in 1944 that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was able to transfer one strand of bacteria into another. This is what focused the attention on the role of chemical carrier of genetic information by the DNA. This led to the discovery of the "double helix" nature of DNA and it's mechanism of replication.
             This then led to the experimentation of identifying enzymes which allowed parts of a DNA sequence to be chemically cut and recombined with other sources. Creation of the first "recombinant" organism became possible with this discovery.


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