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Chemical and Biological Weapons

            Chemical weapons are chemical agents of warfare taken to be chemical substances, whether gaseous, liquid, or solid, which might be harmful because of their direct toxic effect on human, animals, and plants. A chemical agent is a chemical substance, which is intended for use in military operations to kill or seriously injure people because of its physiological effects. Chemical weapons can be classified into two main categories by their instability, persistent and non-persistent agents. .
             A persistent agent continues to present a hazard for a considerable period of time after its delivery. It remains as a contact hazard or by vaporizing over a period of time to produce a hazard by inhalation. A non-persistent agent breaks up rapidly after its release and presents an immediate but short-lived hazard. They are released as airborne particles, liquids and gasses. Intoxication usually results from the inhalation of the chemical agent. .
             The effectiveness of a chemical weapon is the capacity of an agent to produce the maximum number of casualties or amount of disruption of operations with the least amount of agent. There are many factors that can influence the effectiveness of a chemical agent: such as the amount of the agent release, environmental factors, population size and more. The duration of effectiveness for a chemical agent depends on several meteorological factors such as: .
             Winds- Winds allow chemical agents to disperse rapidly in certain locations. Lack of wind can cause a build up in the concentration of certain chemical agents. .
             Temperature- High temperatures tend to decrease the persistency of some agents while cold temperatures tend to increase the persistency of some agents. .
             Rain- Rain effects chemical agents by disposing some or by promoting hydrolysis in some agents. Overall rain may dispose of some particular agents but others will most likely still be able to be used. .
             Atmospheric Stability- When the temperature of the air is higher than that of the ground; chemical agents in a vapor state tend to stay persistent for longer periods of time.


Essays Related to Chemical and Biological Weapons

1. Chemical and Biological Weapons

Chemical and biological warfare In methods of war, the use of biological and chemical weapons has been very controversial. Biological and chemical weapons have been effective during war, civil conflicts, and riots. ... The government has tried many times to abolish the use of biological and chemical weapons. ... Biological weapons pose a serious health danger however chemical weapons have the same effect. ... For the survival of the human race, it is important to quit using biological and chemical weapons. ...

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  • Approx Pages: 5

2. Chemical and biological warfare

What is the effect and history of biological and chemical weapons? ... The history of biological and chemical weapons goes way back. ... There is though effective protection against biological and chemical weapons. ... As technology advances, so will the chemical and biological weapons. ... The threat of a chemical and biological war in the near future is highly unlikely, but if there was a war there would be chemical and biological weapons involved. ...

  • Word Count: 1379
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: High School

3. Chemical and Biological Warfare

Chemical and Biological Warfare I. ... Why use chemical weapons? ... In 1969, the United States stopped the production of all chemical weapons. ... Controls over the use of chemical weapons The first treaty to control the use of chemical weapons was the Geneva protocol mentioned earlier. 132 countries signed it. ... In 1993 various nations met at a Chemical Weapons Convention and agreed to destroy all chemical weapons within a period of 10 to 15 years, after signing the treaty. ...

  • Word Count: 2448
  • Approx Pages: 10
  • Grade Level: High School

4. Weapons

Every chemical weapon agent has its own separate chemical properties. ... These weapons include the use of biologically derived toxins, poisons and microorganisms. Biological weapons are immensely destructive. ... The possible use of biological weapons is a matter of national and international concern. ... Some main concerns of biological weapons are that of anthrax, botulinal toxin, and mycotoxins. ...

  • Word Count: 920
  • Approx Pages: 4

5. Chemical Weapons

Chemical weapons use the toxic properties of chemical substances to produce physical or physiological effects on an enemy. ... This was the first milestone chemical weapons had come across. ... With WWII came a new fear of chemical weapons. ... Since chemical weapons were most effective on unsuspecting victims, and after WWI every country knew about them, WWII did not see much use of chemical weapons of the field. ... The threat of chemical and biological attacks have increased recently, with the War on Terrorism, the anthrax attacks, and the Iraqi War. ...

  • Word Count: 719
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: High School

6. America's Preparedness in Chemical or Biological Attack.

During World War II (WWII) it was common knowledge that the Germans and Japanese, and to a lesser extent, the US were experimenting with chemical and biological weapons. ... It was apparent that society did not condone nor would it allow the use of biological or chemical weapons, even in wartime. ... The US built up huge stockpiles of chemical and biological weapons, as did the USSR. ... Some of the most deadly chemical and biological weapons are Anthrax, Cholera, Smallpox, The Plague, Ricin, Chlorine Gas, Hydrogen Cyanide, Sarin, and VX. ... No one citizen of the U.S. knows how prepared we...

  • Word Count: 1408
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

7. Chemical, Biological Weapons

Finally, I will conclude by going over The beginning of the twenty-first century saw such an alarming rise in events where chemical, biological, or nuclear weapons were involved. ... And finally, biological are a real treat, because they can either be as easy to make as chemical weapons and have the destructive force of nuclear weapon. ... Biological weapons use pathogens and toxins to infect large amounts of people. Since the weapon is biological the main concern is that it could be more lethal than the chemical weapons previously mentioned. ... The last two biological weapons are b...

  • Word Count: 2636
  • Approx Pages: 11
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Biological Warfare

Biological and Chemical warfare is one of the most dreaded forms of attack on the battlefield. ... Biological weapons, as opposed to chemical weapons, are effective with a relatively small quantity of agent. ... Most biological weapons are influenza viruses or pneumonic plague bacillus. ... During the cold war, many nations began experimenting and stockpiling biological and chemical weapons. ... Some 80 nations signed the Biological Weapons Convention, which the United States ratified in 1974. ...

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9. Weapons Of Mass Destruction

They are biological, chemical, and nuclear and radiological weapons. ... Biological Weapons First we must understand where such agents can be made. ... When this device is finally working, it will give us early detection of a biological weapon. Chemical Weapons A chemical weapon is the use of chemicals or industrial waste to harm or alter the behavior of an opponent during a military operation (Karasik 7). ... The chemical weapons that pose the most threat to society are gases because they are easy to transport and deploy. ...

  • Word Count: 1742
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography

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