Poe wrote Sonnet to Science in the beginning of his career,wen he was still young.It was printed for the first time in 1829,in his second book of poems.
The poem is a traditional English sonnet,divided into three stanzas and a final couplet,with rhymes,metaphors and alliteration.
In the first stanza,rhymed abab, the poet criticises Science for being a "true daughter of Old Time" and for changing everything with its "peering eyes". He says daughter probably because Science is feminine in Latin (Scientia) and it has peering eyes because searchs a logical explanation to everything.Also he asks why him,why his heart is Science's prey and compares Science to a vulture,a strong metaphor if we remember that vultures feed on the rests of other animals,which sometimes are still alive.Gives the idea of death approaching poetry.
The second stanza,rhymed bcbc, questions how the poet could love or respect Science,if Science is interested only in reality and will not let the poet dream and fantasize.Then in verse 7,there is another image about flight, "To seek for treasure in the jewelled skies",which could be interpreted as the act of daydreaming and making poetry.The poet flies in " undaunted wing",in contrast to the vulture's wings of "dull realities".
In the third stanza, rhymed dede, he accuses Science of expelling mythological entities from their natural habitat,also a metaphor that means that Science is trying to get them ( the myths) out of mankind's imagination.Apparently,in this stanza Poe plagiarized another author,Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre,whose work says: "It is Science which has dragged down the chaste Diana from her nocturnal car: she has banished the Hamadryads from the antique forests, and the gentle Naiads from the fountains".
Finally,in the concluding couplet, the persona complains about his personal loss,accusing Science of depriving him of his dreams.