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labelling Theory


Examples of labellers are psychiatrist, judges, police etc. And these labelled personals would be prostitutes, criminals etc. .
             As a consequence of the Becker's labelling theory, being labelled deviant produces negative effect for the individual concerned. They have a propensity to see themselves as deviants (even if their actions doesn't define them as one) and hence in turn lead them to continue their deviant behaviour, and later confirmed themselves as one. Frank Tannenbaum and Lemert dissected the deviant acts into 2 parts, which one is primary deviance and another is secondary deviance. The Primary deviance is committed for the first time while the latter one is a continuance of the behaviour. Lemert perceived the primary deviance as a matter of value conflict where the society may define the act as deviant but the violator does not so define. However, only when he comes to agree with the majority's definition of the behaviour as deviant, will he see himself as one . Labelling theorist such as Becker is interested in analyzing the process of becoming a secondary deviant, which is how a person transformed from primary to secondary deviation. Such an analysis is known to be sequential, profession, or identity stabilizing model of deviance. For example, when one is released from prison, he/she is unable to find job and proceed with life, will be compelled to recommit the deviance act. In brief, whenever a person is labelled deviant, he will suffer negative consequences such as ridiculed, humiliated, degraded, harassed, or dehumanised. .
             An act is known to be deviant due to the reason that it violates the rule. Who makes the rule then? According to Becker, one of the archetypes of the rule creator is the crusading reformer, who is interested in the contents of rules. As the existing rules is thought of not perfect, the need to correct it occurs, so the reformer would control it with utter ethic; amend the rule by whatever he perceives to be inappropriate with no criterion, any means is vindicated as long as the rule is passed.


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