Geography shaped both Mesopotamia and Egypt but Egypt, without a doubt, developed with an easier lifestyle and not as complex as Mesopotamia but did last significantly longer. Egypt was mostly cut off from the entire world by its natural barriers on all sides and remained uninfluenced for many years. They were not influenced by other civilizations thus, they developed much differently politically, religiously, and socially compared to Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia had constant invasions by foreign lands that would leave some of their culture into their newly conquered society and form one after another viscously. It's obvious that these two lands were bound to end up with completely different ideas about the world and they governed. .
Egypt's very isolated geographical location caused it to be disconnected from the rest of the world thus causing Egypt to develop advanced science, mathematics, and weapons to ward off any attacks. They lacked these necessities when it came time for battle. They instead were on the mercy of their gods believing they would guarantee their well being. Their social structure was made up of the pharaoh, priests, farmers, merchants, and craftsmen. The pharaoh was the "God-King" who was thought to be immortal. Pharaohs were thought to be gods who had chosen to live on earth for a time and were given a lot of respect by their wisdom. Wanting gods to favor Egypt, the entire population of roughly 1.5 million people did not hesitate to carry out laws that the pharaoh placed upon them. Priests were important to Egyptians but not as they were to Mesopotamia. Priests still played a role here by enforcing religious beliefs. Egyptians believed in the after life but feared death so they even came up with creating amulets to ward off evil sprits. Astoundingly, trade and commerce did not play a big role in Egypt. The free tenant farmers made up most of Egypt's population who worked on estates owned by a landowner or government official but lead a basically unstable life.
