'' (Bellman, 1978) ``The study of mental faculties through the use of computational models'' (Charniak and McDermott, 1985) ``The study of the computations that make it possible to perceive, reason, and act'' (Winston, 1992) .
``The art of creating machines that perform functions that require intelligence when performed by people'' (Kurzweil, 1990) ``The study of how to make computers do things at which, at the moment, people are better'' (Rich and Knight, 1991) ``The branch of computer science that is concerned with the automation of intelligent behavior'' (Luger and Stubblefield, 1993) .
This gives us four possible goals to pursue in artificial intelligence: .
Systems that think like humans. Systems that think rationally.
Systems that act like humans Systems that act rationally.
Issues Surrounding A.I.
From the very beginning, AI was a controversial subject. The idea that a machine can be capable of rational thinking has always been frightening to many people. Many, in fact, have been afraid and suspicious of any new ideas and new technology. Many issues arose because of the development of AI. .
The question that concerns many in regards to the development of machines capable of intelligence comparable' to that of a human being, is that of the consequences of creating servants capable of becoming masters. This is a question in itself containing many more: How much power will these machines -(robots, as many like to think of them) have? Who is going to control them? What are they going to be used for? What responsibilities will they carry? These are just a few questions that are on the minds of many who ever stopped to think what AI is about. .
Let's look at the issue of the definition of intelligence. What exactly is intelligence? There are different definitions for intelligence. It could refer to logical, artistic, social skills, etc. How then can a machine be labeled intelligent or smart when intelligence has no concrete definition? Yes, the human brain and its capabilities are the bases, but can a machine really be compared to the infinite possibilities of the human brain? .
