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Science Issues: Global Warming


Natural variations in temperature could be caused by variations in the earth's orbit, or variations in the sun's output, or several other factors including sulfur dioxide emitted by volcanoes. The precise contributions of these natural causes of temperature variations are unknown and unpredictable at the present. .
             Sunspots are a significant factor. Human caused warming is by increased concentrations of greenhouse gasses such as carbon dioxide. The science of the greenhouse effect is not in doubt - the planet Venus is affected by a greenhouse effect. What is in doubt is the precise relationship between the concentration of greenhouse gasses and temperature rise. .
             Humans have also emitted sulfur dioxide, which has a cooling effect and has tended to mask the warming effect of rising carbon dioxide for much of the last 100 years until the mid-1970's, when clean air acts became operative. This planet is losing its forests, 34 million acres each year through burning and cutting. The destruction of tropical forests alone is throwing hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year. We are also losing temperate forests. The temperate forests of the world account for an absorption rate of 2 billion tons of carbon dioxide annually. In the temperate forests of Siberia alone, the earth is losing 10 million acres per year. .
             Scientists say that unless global warming emissions are reduced, average U.S. temperatures could rise another 3 to 9 degrees by the end of the century, with far reaching effects. Sea levels will rise, flooding coastal areas. Heat waves will be more frequent and more intense. Droughts and wildfires will occur more often. Disease-carrying mosquitoes will expand their range and species will be pushed to extinction. Disease-carrying mosquitoes are spreading as climate shifts allow them to survive in formerly inhospitable areas. Mosquitoes that can carry dengue fever viruses were previously limited to elevations of 3,300 feet but recently appeared at 7,200 feet in the Andes Mountains of Colombia.


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