The term "Latchkey Child" is a term often used to describe children who must stay at home lone taking care of themselves for some part of the day. It I estimated that about five to twelve million children between the ages of five and thirteen are home alone for some part of the day everyday. In most of these cases parents either cannot afford childcare, or there isn't any that is available.
Children who are in self-care are about three time more likely than those supervised by adults to be involved in accidents, engage in delinquent behavior, or be victimized. The parents of these children are most often the parents that are under the most stress, fearful about how their children can cope under the situations, many of which potentially dangerous.
There are some children that enjoy taking care of themselves and happily accept the added responsibilities. But of course there are those children that occasionally feel lonely, bored, and even scared. No matter how responsible and carefree the child may feel about the situation they are in the parents should discuss all aspects of safety and crime prevention. The parents should also try to build their child's self-esteem, confidence and competence. Studies have shown that a close relationship with parents decreases or moderates any negative effects of self-care.
There are many skills parents should focus on setting rules and limits, increasing levels of responsibility, and communicating basic safety information. If children understand why they must be left alone and what they may and may not do , their risk of injury and victimization will be greatly decreased.
Another way parents can help their children in the "latchkey" situation is through a number of community resources available for assistance. There are many voluntary groups that run "Phone Friend" programs. There are also extended day programs at local schools or recreation departments, like the Boys and Girls Club.
