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Discrimination in America


The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 and other constitutional amendments that followed changed the legal status of African-Americans. The most important of these decisions declared unconstitutional a law that outlawed racial discrimination by private individuals and also upheld state-enforced segregation. For decades, the absence of adequate laws permitted discrimination against African-Americans in employment, housing, public accommodations, and voting. Discrimination was further legitimized by the Supreme Court's ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, which legalized enforced segregation in public places and established the "separate but equal" doctrine.
             Discrimination practices remained largely unchallenged until 1941, when Franklin Roosevelt issued an order forbidding discrimination in employment. It wasn't until 1954 in Brown v. Board of Education that intentional segregation of African-Americans was ruled unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment. After that, many civil rights acts were passed to prevent discrimination. .
             In the 1940's, discrimination was passed on to a new race - Japanese Americans. This occurred as a result of the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. The discrimination they experienced happened in the more extreme form of segregation by the government. In 1942, Roosevelt passed an order which led to an estimated 110,000 Japanese Americans on the west coast to be arrested and placed in camps. This was all due to the mistrust for the Japanese after the attacks by their suicide bombers.
             Recently, a new race has been the victim of increased hate crimes. Since the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Centers, statistics from an FBI report of hate crimes in American showed that the number of crimes against Muslim or Arab Americans jumped from 28 in 2000 to 481 after September 11th. It is shocking to believe that over 17 times the crimes in 2000 occurred in only three and a half months in 2001.


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