According to David Kibble , Muslims divided into 3 axes: the religious axe ( one one end modernists, on the other revivalists,calling for a return to islamic ideals), the evangelical axe (on one end the ones who believed that religion is a personal matter, and on the other, the ones who believed that Allah wants the whole world to be a Muslim state) and the political axe( the non-activists and the fundamentalists, who believed in the literal interpretation of the Koran calling for militant action and terrorism)
At first, these ideologies were not obvious at all, since this new trend of oposition manifested itself at grass-roots level, taking a humanitarian form in health care, religious and cultural education, but it started to grow after the Six Day War in 1967 won by Israel, a moment in which the collapse of a number of nationalist and socialist groups were blamed for the catastrophic loss. In 1979, Shah Mohammad Reza Pehlavi of Iran is overthrown by a popular revolt led by a Muslim cleric called Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who, by establishing a theocracy, became the ruler of an established ideology "There is not a single topic of human life for which Islam has not provided instruction and established norms". This clear cut statement is also supported by David Wurmser, research fellow at the American Entreprise Institute, who explains" The whole essence of Islamic fundamentalist ideology is that truth is derived from the will of Allah, which means that there can never be a free debate on most issuessince an answer already exists". 1979, Iran, meant the moment and the center of an area that began to "export" the Iranian revolution in the form of extremist actions and terror tactics; it was a moment when fundamentalism started to spread throughout the Muslim world under the shape of international networks that extend through a broad range of religious, economic, welfare and political institutions.
