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Autism


It is generally accepted that autism is caused by abnormalities in brain structure or function. Brain scans show differences in the shape and structure of the brain in autistic versus non-autistic children (23)(The World Book Encyclopedia, 1993).
             Some research does indicate that brain damage at birth may be a possible cause of autism. Some researchers say that there is a possibility that problems during pregnancy or delivery as well as environmental factors such as viral infections, metabolic imbalances, and exposure to environmental chemicals may cause a baby to contract autism. Harmful substances ingested during pregnancy also have been associated with an increased risk of autism (6)(Shattock and Whiteley, 2000). .
             In a 2001 investigation by the Institute of Medicine, a committee acknowledged the possibility of MMR vaccines being a potential cause of autism. However, many other researchers agree the data found does not support a link between MMR vaccines and autism. Whatever the cause, it is clear that children with autism or PDD are born with the disorder or born with the potential to develop it (13)(CNN Interactive, 2001).
             Autism is spreading at a very rapid pace since there is no known cure for it. Autism is estimated to affect as many as 2 to 6 per 1,000 individuals. (Survey done by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001). This means that over 1.5 million Americans today are believed to have some form of autism. The number is on the rise. Also, statistics from the U.S. Department of Education show autism is growing at a rate of 10-17% per year. With these rates, the prevalence of autism is estimated to reach 4 million Americans in the next decade (21)(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001).
             Autism is known to be consistent around the whole world and is more prevalent in boys than girls. Autism knows no racial, ethnic, or social boundaries, and family income, lifestyle, and academic levels are non-effective in the chance of autism's occurrence (24)(Cramer, 1999) and (21)(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2001).


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