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Wilbur and Orville Wright


The next few weeks were spent building the new plane and hiding from the rain and mosquitoes. The new plane was almost twice the size of the previous flying machine. To solve some of the lift problems that they had noticed in 1900, the new plane was built exactly to the sizes specified by Otto Lilienthal's lift calculations. On July 27, they began. The first few trials were almost disasters. The plane nearly crashed. Wilbur was puzzled. The 1900 glider had worked better. He decided to take the wings apart and rebuild them. They tried again and had fantastic glides of 389 feet.
             In the fall of 1901, Wilbur became a scientist. He began to experiment with models in order to create his own calculations. He was ready to change the world. Then, they decided to begin a "series of experiments to accurately determine the amount and direction of the pressure produced on curved surfaces when acted upon by winds at the various angles from zero to ninety degrees." To do this, they built a wind tunnel. The tunnel was a long rectangular wooden box with one end open for a fan to make the wind. It was six feet long, sixteen inches wide and 16 inches deep. They put a pane of glass in the topside of the box so that they could see inside. The fan had two blades and was powered by a belt and pulley system attached to the ceiling. The air from the fan blew at twenty-five to thirty-five miles per hour and passed through a metal grid which straightened it.
             Within a few months, the Wrights had the world's best collection of lift data. Years later, Orville reflected on the wind tunnel experiments and said, "I believe we possessed.more data on cambered surfaces, a hundred times over, than all of our predecessors put together.".
             Their 1902 glider had a wingspan of thirty-two feet and a chord of five feet. It was the biggest flying-machine ever built. Their wind tunnel tests had convinced them that these measurements should work.


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