1. deep sea exploration
This essay analyses the failure of the Chinese Self-strengthening movement of the.
It argues that the movements' failure was due to its proponents.
fundamental ignorance of the requirements for industrial modernisation, due to their.
continued belief in the institutions and traditions of Confucianism, and their great concern.
to protect China's sovereignty from Western imperialism. This is shown by the.
progressives limited vision of modernization, which they saw in terms only of acquiring.
Western military technology, and not in terms of the reform of Chinese institutions. Nor.
could they overcome conservative Confucian opposition, which feared that the changes.
would bring only social disharmony. The Self-strengtheners concern to protect China's.
sovereignty, led them to reject foreign loans and to rely on domestic resources only. This.
forced them to rely on a policy of 'slow' modernization, which ultimately failed when put.
to the test twenty years later. Finally, their lack of technical knowledge, combined with a.
'blind faith' in Western experts, created a fundamental contradiction between desires and.
actions, whereby the Self-strengtheners actually destroyed the very technology they so.
desperately needed.
The Self-strengthening movement in nineteenth century China was the direct outcome.
of China's humiliation from the 1860 peace settlement, and was predicated on the dictum.
of Wei Yuan: learn the superior techniques of the barbarians to control the barbarians.
With this idea as it's motivating spirit, the Self-strengthening movement began to both.
advocate, and to carry out, the modernization of China. Yet this attempt at.
modernization was ultimately unsuccessful. This paper analyses the failure of the Self-.
strengthening movement and argues that, Firstly, its failure was due to its having a limited.
vision of modernisation, based on a fundamental ignorance by the progressives to the.
complexity of industrialisation.
The New China Westerners have been trying to get rich in China for over 150 years. ... The term "Greater China" was termed by former Communist Party Secretary, Zhao Ziyang, as reunified China that included Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Mainland China. ... Economic Conditions in Mainland China China is increasing at a steady speed as it continues to sustain rapid economic growth. ... The Chinese carry a special ledger in their heads. ... This to many Chinese people was known as China's Managerial Revolution. ...
Cantonese, the first language of 4% of the Chinese speaking world, is the most widely known and influential variety of Chinese other than Mandarin. ... Chinese (Cantonese) is in Sinitic type. ... Manchu transcriptions of Chinese words are very valuable to the study of Chinese phonology of the Ching dynasty. ... Briefly, in Chinese the basic language unit is the syllable. ... The difference here is that there is no article in Chinese and there is no auxiliary words in English like that in Chinese. ...
The People's Republic of China is a vastly populated country. ... This decline is a result of China's government enforced one-child policy. ... This doesn't seem to be the case in modern China. ... So who really knows the future growth of China? ... But do not worry, China will retain its crown as the most populous nation....
The People's Republic of China is a vastly populated country. ... This decline is a result of China's government enforced one-child policy. ... This doesn't seem to be the case in modern China. ... So who really knows the future growth of China? ... But do not worry, China will retain its crown as the most populous nation....
China was the most powerful country in the East. ... China had 2 major philosophies: a. ... China restricted Europeans from entering. ... Westerners wanted to trade with China desperately and they accepted the terms of China. ... Japan, like China, was very isolated. ...
China is more urban today than ever before. ... Shanghai is China's largest city. ... China encourages late marriage and late childbirth. ... Water pollution is a tremendous problem in China. ... China has greatly improved the urban environment. ...
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From the earliest awakenings of Chinese civilization, the Chinese have sought out what they believe to be spiritual perfection. ... It has been rightfully stated that Chinese art is not just a hobby. ... The position of China in relation to the Korean peninsula made it nearly inevitable for the way of life in China to spread into Korea, and parts of Japan. ... Chinese art spans the greatest length of time of all the world's cultures. Throughout their history, the Chinese have adhered to one tradition. ...
