Beowulf is much more than an epic tale of heroes and monsters. Beowulf is a tale that offers many insights into the beliefs and customs of the seventh century Anglo Saxon culture. Among these insights is the Anglo Saxon view of women and their role in society. Good Anglo Saxon women are peaceful and unassertive, greeting guests and serving drinks to the warriors. Wealhtheow, the queen of the Danes, represents a typical subservient Anglo Saxon woman. Contrastingly, Grendel's mother is a strong and combative monster whom Beowulf must kill. By analyzing these two characters in Beowulf, we can understand the treatment and mistreatment of women in Anglo Saxon society.
The author creates Wealhtheow to embody the role of a traditional Anglo Saxon woman. She serves as a peacekeeper in the ever-tumultuous Heorot meadhall. When the author first introduces Wealhtheow she immediately falls into her role as peaceful greeter and cocktail waitress. Upon Wealhtheow's entrance into the meadhall she " . . . speaks her peace words. . . steps to the gift throne and fetch[es] to her king the first ale cup" (IX). Wealhtheow then proceeds through the meadhall "offering hall joy to old and to young with rich treasure cups" (IX). When Wealhtheow first approaches Beowulf and the Geats, she " [bears] him a cup . . . with gold gleaming hands [holding] it before him graciously [greeting] the Geats" war leader" (IX). The author then reinforces that she is a member of the weaker gender by directing Wealththeow to her proper position behind the .
king. When the queen is not serving drinks or greeting guests, she may usually be found obediently following Hrothgar throughout the meadhall waiting for hope news.
However, as queen, Wealththeow shows her intelligence and ability to control men, to some degree, despite her limited powers. The author expands her role from that of a traditional Anglo Saxon woman to include gift giver and guardian of the throne.