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Fall of Communism


            
            
             The shocking fall of communism in Eastern and Central Europe in .
             the late eighties was remarkable for both its rapidity and its scope. .
             The specifics of communism's demise varied among nations, but .
             similarities in both the causes and the effects of these revolutions.
             were quite similar. As well, all of the nations involved shared the .
             common goals of implementing democratic systems of government and .
             moving to market economies. In each of these nations, the communist .
             regimes in power were forced to transfer that power to radically .
             different institutions than they were accustomed to. Democracy had .
             been spreading throughout the world for the preceding two decades, but .
             with a very important difference. While previous political .
             transitions had seen similar circumstances, the actual events in .
             question had generally occurred individually. In Europe, on the other .
             hand, the shift from communism was taking place in a different context .
             altogether. The peoples involved were not looking to affect a narrow .
             set of policy reforms; indeed, what was at stake was a hyper-radical .
             shift from the long-held communist ideology to a western blueprint.
             for governmental and economic policy development. The problem .
             inherent in this type of monumental change is that, according to .
             Ulrich K. Preuss, "In almost all the East and Central European .
             countries, the collapse of authoritarian communist rule has released.
             national, ethnic, religious and cultural conflicts which cannot be .
             solved by purely economic policies" (47). While tremendous changes .
             are evident in both the governmental and economic arenas in Europe, .
             these changes cannot be assumed to always be "mutually reinforcing".
             (Preuss 47). Generally it has been theorized that the most successful .
             manner of addressing these many difficulties is the drafting of a .
             constitution. But what is clear is the unsatisfactory ability of a .
             constitution to remedy the problems of nationalism and ethnic.


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