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Volcanoes


A volcano that .
             erupted many years ago but now has no sign of life is called dormant. If scientist feel that .
             a particular volcano will not ever erupt again they term it extinct.
             Volcanic Structure.
             .
             There are four main parts of a volcano. The vent is the channel that gas, ash and .
             Rock is ejected. Secondly, the magma chamber that hold the magma. Thirdly, the cone is .
             simply the mountain that is formed around the vent. Finally, the crater is a bowl shaped .
             depression surrounding the vent.
             .
             There are many unseen forces beneath a volcano that alter rock below the crust to .
             cause a volcano, and completely change the landscape of the earth. A volcano effects the .
             earth in many different ways. Of course, the most obvious is the mountain formed on the .
             surface.
             .
             One of the most dramatic changes to the geological features of the earth is a .
             caldera. A caldera is a huge bowl-shaped crater in the ground at least 2 miles in diameter. .
             Scientists assume that these massive craters are formed at the end of a volcanoes life once .
             the magma chamber is emptied. This causes the volcano to collapse under its own .
             weight. The second deepest lake in the United States, Crater Lake, was formed in a .
             caldera. It is approximately six miles across and two thousand feet at the deepest point. .
             .
             An interesting formation underneath a volcano is a lava tunnel. Lava tunnels start .
             out as horizontal lava channels which form when the surface of a large lava flow hardens .
             but the lava beneath remains molten and continues to flow. At the end of the eruption the .
             lava channel is empty and then referred to as a lava tunnel. The tunnels can be anywhere .
             from a few inches to several yards in diameter. The Kasamura tunnel is the largest .
             known lava tunnel. It is near the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii, and it twists for more than .
             six miles beneath the surface.
             .
             An igneous intrusion is formed when the intense pressure of the rocks above a .


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