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dna



             hydrogen.
             bonds. This is known as base pairing. (Miller, 143).
             The DNA of an organism provides two main functions. The first function is to provide for protein.
             synthesis,.
             allowing growth and development of the organism. The second function is to give all of it's descendants.
             it's.
             own protein-synthesizing information by replicating itself and providing each offspring with a copy. The.
             information within the bases of DNA is called the genetic code. This specifies the sequence of amino.
             acids in a.
             protein. (Grolier Encyclopedia, 1992) DNA does not act directly in the process of protein synthesis.
             because it.
             does not leave the nucleus, so a special ribonucleic acid is used as a messenger (mRNA). The mRNA carries.
             the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus out to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm during.
             transcription.
             (Miller, 76).
             This leads to the topic of replication. When DNA replicates, the two strands of the double helix separate.
             from.
             one another. While the strands separate, each nitrogenous base on each strand attracts it's own.
             complement,.
             which as mentioned earlier, attaches with hydrogen bonds. As the bases are bonded an enzyme called DNA.
             polymerase combines the phosphate of one nucleotide to the deoxyribose of the opposite nucleotide.
             This forms a new polynucleotide chain. The new DNA strand stays attached to the old one through the.
             hydrogen bonds, and together they form a new DNA double helix molecule. (Heath, 119) (Miller, 144-145).
             As mentioned before, DNA molecules are involved in a process called protein synthesis. Without RNA, this.
             process could not be completed. RNA is the genetic material of some viruses. RNA molecules are like DNA.
             They have a long chain of macromolecules made up of nucleotides. Each RNA nucleotide is also made up of.
             three basic parts. There is a sugar called ribose, and at one end of the sugar is the phosphate group,.
             and at the.
             other end is one of several nitrogenous bases. There are four main nitrogenous bases found in RNA.


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