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Early Civilizations

            Many early civilizations expanded into the large and complex types of societies in which most people still live today. They occurred in major river basins and developed where unique local climatic and soil conditions were favorable to produce agriculture. People of high status eventually used food surpluses as a way to pay for labor and to create alliances among groups. They began to trade and work in various skilled professions such as in political, religious, or military positions. Soon, large villages grew into urban centers that governed themselves and eventually empires covering vast territories. Secondary civilizations tended to develop in regions adjacent to these heartlands, or along the trade routes between them.
             The earliest civilization arose in 2500 B.C.E. in a place called Sumer of what is now present-day Iraq. It grew into a powerful and prosperous region in Mesopotamia containing 500,000 people. As you can observe on the map, Mesopotamia was where the Fertile Crescent was located and it lied between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. People had first domesticated animals and plants in that region. Jericho was the area of a subsequent civilization because it nears the edge of the Fertile Crescent by the Mediterranean Sea. Therefore, it was the oldest known agricultural site in 8500 B.C.E. Jericho was 10 acres long and had built around it 10 ft. walls that were 30ft high. .
             Trading and cultural influence shortly began to flourish in Egypt by the Nile River generating it to be the second largest ancient civilization. People settled by the Nile Valley made their living by farming since it was very fertile. The Nile River also provided an excellent trade route for Egypt with other settled civilizations such as Jericho. Subsequent civilizations also formed down along by the Red Sea and along the coastline southern Africa. .
             The third greatest ancient civilization developed in the Indus Valley which is present-day Pakistan.


Essays Related to Early Civilizations

1. Roots of Indian Civilization

The Expansion of the Indus Valley Civilization The Indus Valley civilization is one of the most ancient human societies. It had its origins as early as the 7th Millennia BC in a site called Mehrgarh, in modern-day Pakistan. ... "Before indigenous sites of earlier stages of the Indus civilization were excavated, it was believed that Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were merely outposts of the Mesopotamian civilization, these speculations were strengthened by the mention in Mesopotamian sources of countries such as Dilmun, Magan and Meluhha.... Mohenjo-Daro grew as the capital of this early state ...

  • Word Count: 1463
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Has Bibliography

2. Indus River Valley Civilization

While the Fertile Crescent was widely known for being one of the first and earliest civilizations developed, the world eventually saw other great civilizations that came to rise. ... One notable example of a once powerful civilization that came to a downfall is the Indus River Valley Civilization. ... During the times of early settlement, barley, wheat, and other crops were mainly used which all have been previously domesticated in the Fertile Crescent that eventually found its way spreading throughout the Indus River Valley through Iran. ... Seen as an early form of coinage, such examples can...

  • Word Count: 1445
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

3. The Rise of River Civilizations

The Indus Civilization was located on what is known today as India. ... These two mountains ranges provided the Indus Civilization with extremely secure protection from other civilizations if they were to try and attack. ... Early Indus engineers also included a complex and sophisticated plumbing system within their cities to removes waste from homes and to supply clean water. ... These geographic obstacles made contact with other civilizations very difficult for the Ancient Chinese Civilization, therefore the ways of life that developed were very different to those of the other civilizations ...

  • Word Count: 1384
  • Approx Pages: 6
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

4. Civilization

A civilization can be defined as many things. ... The development of civilization is linked to information because civilization is information. ... These two early civilizations; although, technologically advanced during their time, were in many ways considered uncivilized as opposed to civilized. ... They conquered many other civilizations showing very little mercy. ... Peace is the goal for civilization because without it in a sense there is no civilization. ...

  • Word Count: 1076
  • Approx Pages: 4

5. Huntington Theory & Disagreement

Huntington Theory & Disagreement Huntington's "Clash of Civilizations" is a theory based upon geographic locations and political movements. ... As a predictable outcome, the world is indeed experiencing a tremendous clash of civilizations, thus my agreement with Huntington's theory. ... Apart from the demise of the political ideologies described earlier, Huntington gives six specific reasons for civilizational identity. ... Indeed, from the perspective of regional economic and civilization 'blocs', the theory is hard to refute, although Huntington does make rather sweepi...

  • Word Count: 1840
  • Approx Pages: 7
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

6. Civilization

It is now essential to define these conditions and then apply them to real societies to prove that they are civilizations. ... This represents the social surplus of a society or civilization. ... In determining whether or not the Incas demonstrated forms of monumental architecture, it is essential to recall the definition stated earlier. ... It is also apparent that the Maya civilization demonstrated forms of monumental architecture. ... Childe's ten characteristics are each good indications of a civilization, but cannot all be used together to determine whether or not a society is a c...

  • Word Count: 1182
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Has Bibliography
  • Grade Level: High School

7. The Status of Women in the Four Early Civilizations of the W

With the Neolithic Revolution and the subsequent early civilizations, the role and status of women was altered for different reasons, and an end was put to the equality between men and women, which was developed by hunter gatherer societies. ... All four early civilizations of the world were patriarchal, patrilineal, and patrilocal for the reasons explicitly mentioned above. ... Nefertiti and Cleopatra are its witness, and art was frequently used to depict the beauty or importance of women In the Indus Valley civilization, great respect was given to women, perhaps because of their obsession ...

  • Word Count: 917
  • Approx Pages: 4
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

8. Asian Civilization

The Shang state and society had a significant influence on Chinese civilization. ... One of these contributions to Chinese civilization was the technology of bronze. ... Some of the early writings were found on bronze but mostly it was inscribed on "dragon bones." ... The Shang is definitely a part of the foundation of Chinese civilization. ... These consequences were key factors on how Chinese civilization was shaped and formed. ...

  • Word Count: 660
  • Approx Pages: 3
  • Grade Level: High School

9. Early American Civilization

Human civilization or the development of a culture of people is shaped by its surroundings and basic beliefs from which they were brought up. ... Under such conditions, it is only natural for historians to find similarities, both qualitative and quantitative, between the two early American Colonies. ... When the Jamestown colony was established in the early sixteen teens, Dutch ships unloaded their cargos of Negroes to the colonists (McClellan, 42). ... Luck was on the Pilgrim's side during the next spring when they encountered an Indian named Squanto, who had learned English during...

  • Word Count: 1236
  • Approx Pages: 5
  • Grade Level: Undergraduate

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