For example, I cannot feel excluded if I don't construe myself as excluded. Roberts gives the example of the duck-rabbit picture. Seeing the duck-rabbit as a duck does not indicate that the person knows, it can be a duck, nor will the person judge the picture to be seen like that. The person only construes the picture as a duck. .
But, construing a feature to myself is not adequate to really feel this feature. For example, to feel excluded must imply that I averse being excluded. So, a construed feeling is an intentional feeling (because it is about/of/etc. something) and it is based in a concern. Only these feelings of construed condition can be allocated to emotions.
Another widespread idea is that emotions are some kind of "evaluative judgment". For example, I left my bike outside and am afraid it will go rusty because of a weather forecast that says, it will rain during the night. From this, one can derive that I judge my bike to be endangered by rain. So, my judgment complies with my emotion. Roberts enumerates three arguments against this kind of relation between emotions and judgments. The first one, just to make clear that in Roberts opinion, emotions can also not be equated with judgments, states that sometimes the proposition that would be confirmed in the judgment according to our emotion is disbelieved. Bike-example: I might make the opposite judgment because I try not to believe in the weather forecast for the following night although it stays in the back of my head. In this case (and many others) emotion seems to be irrational, but a mental state is nothing less than an emotion for being irrational. So, the equation of emotions and judgments has failed as well.
Now, incorporating all facts, Roberts characterizes what a construal is and finally what he understands as "concern-based construals". .
Construals are mental states or events in which certain things are represented with regard to something else.
Emotion characterizes a moral judgments. Religion also characterizes moral judgments. ... Religion also characterizes moral judgments. ... Religion is limited to characterizing moral judgments. ... How do these people characterize moral judgments? ...
She states that future research promises to concentrate on questions raised by the construal approach to happiness. Construal is simply an interpretation of the meaning of something. ... Other questions of further research include: to what extent can a construal approach to happiness be applied and generalized to other cultures or invoked to account for cultural variations in well-being, and do the cognitive and motivational processes directly increase happiness, or does happiness promote their use? ... A construal theory of happiness suggests that these alternative viewpoints of reality have...
I conclude in my preamble that there are pragmatic reasons for favouring the formerly popular view that essentialist definitions of "religions" are inadequate, and that religions should be construed, instead, as possessing a number of "family resemblances." ... While it is impossible to characterize all elements or common denominators of phenomena incorporated under religion, and while knowledge of all such elements as have so far been discovered does not itself explain religion, it is sufficient to enable us to distinguish religion clearly from other types of human psychology...
Let me just share my experiment of sexual harassment On May 23, 1996 Nell, the female head of my department at charged me with behavior that "would be construed as sexual harassment." ... Instead, she charged me with three things: (1) Presenting unauthorized and unprofessional credentials and contradicting her official stance on our department's mission, (2) passing inaccurate information regarding the pay status of a co-worker, and (3) behavior that would be construed as sexual harassment. ...
Together the meaning could be construed to be one who attacks the settled beliefs or intuitions of others, for the ability to command and or to receive retribution for ones erroneous actions or activities. Every individual in today's culture, in one way or another could be construed by another as being an iconoclast. ...
No task is too arduous or inconceivable for his capacious imagination to construe. ... The alliteration in "roaring war" and "red rattling" creates a mood of madness, which characterizes Prospero as a magician, frantic in his outpourings of emotion. ... Shakespeare characterizes both Prospero's magic artistry and his own linguistic artistry as "potent," suggesting authority, great power, and commanding influence, all of which Prospero embodies throughout the play. ...
Jointly the connotation could be construed to be one who attacks the established beliefs or intuitions of others, for the ability to dominate, and to receive retribution for ones erroneous actions or activities. An abundant amount of individual's in today's culture, in one way or another, could be construed by another as being an iconoclast. ...
When one reads the play "A Man for All Seasons" one learns about a man named Sir Thomas More. He stood up for his belifes and didn't let others bend him to their will. It is a story of one mans struggle between his country and his conscious.. The trouble began for Thomas and others in England w...
